tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25487675617776973372024-03-18T20:52:12.752-07:00Michael Bott's NotebookWelcome to my blog. I have an eclectic range of interests and by inclination I am passionate about the causes of social justice and freedom. Here I provide some of my reflections on life together with individual commentary on matters of social policy and law.Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.comBlogger143125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-10430667539936809762024-01-28T11:14:00.000-08:002024-01-28T11:14:13.342-08:00Will Water Meters Work to Fix the Wellington Region's Water Woes<p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5t-oxRyaDPvJqFw1c5bVvUN6MCGG7DHXpRMd-sDvAQ68oYHA2kYCxun_wIEj77yNMHktqHdAT5-KJFsDKRwqOUOB1AjIFsGfN0--Ji1NP_Mk3jG1WeJ5nh7AoaqD-EqfaeSaiGH3sbMYFP2pEkvZcj1VcjjbstOhFqDQ8aR7s3k36miTcqfPCSAl1GDvL" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="468" height="704" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5t-oxRyaDPvJqFw1c5bVvUN6MCGG7DHXpRMd-sDvAQ68oYHA2kYCxun_wIEj77yNMHktqHdAT5-KJFsDKRwqOUOB1AjIFsGfN0--Ji1NP_Mk3jG1WeJ5nh7AoaqD-EqfaeSaiGH3sbMYFP2pEkvZcj1VcjjbstOhFqDQ8aR7s3k36miTcqfPCSAl1GDvL=w498-h704" width="498" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><br /></div><p></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-3271078883365507812023-08-15T16:14:00.019-07:002023-08-17T19:37:59.292-07:00The Grind of Criminal Defence Work<p><span style="font-family: arial;">I r</span><span style="font-family: arial;">ecently r</span><span style="font-family: arial;">eceived a call from Police. Someone was being arrested and charged with significant sexual offending. I felt the weight on my chest knowing the enormous stress and long hours that lay ahead if I were to represent them; the pressure that would rest on my shoulders as they placed their future in my hands. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I went down to the cells at the station to see them. As they spoke I realised I could not act as I was potentially conflicted, as I may know a witness. I approached 12 other defence lawyers, before I could find one, prepared to take the case on. The message was almost the same, "I have had enough of doing this, it is not worth it, I want my life back."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Just how the state really views lawyers who undertake legal aid work can be seen from the following story. Sometime around 2017 the Ministry of Justice prepared a paper for Treasury requesting an increase in legal aid rates, which had been effectively frozen for close on 15 years. The gulf between what lawyers receive for private work compared with legal aid rates was growing wider and wider and it was time to address the gap. I am advised that this was scotched, the prime reason being that the bean-counters felt that criminal trial lawyers' sense of professional obligation and social conscience, meant that they would still keep "some skin in the legal aid scheme". This view is corrosive of the wellbeing of practitioners, who have to work increasingly long hours to make ends meet, and explains the policy behind the systemic underfunding of the legal aid scheme.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Mechanics are now billing labour at between $100 - $140 per hour. Further, when a mechanic finishes work, it does not follow them home and keep them awake in the small hours. The new rules in relation to fast tracking pre-recorded evidence from complainants, and the increasing burdens placed on defence counsel combined with the low rates of remuneration mean that senior counsel are now leaving criminal defence work. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">I was reminded of this when I attended a "Sexual Violence Legislation Forum" run by the Law Society. A Judge and a giggling academic gave their prepared talks about the changes and how they would help "victims." Bullet points and graphs were displayed. Despite sending in several questions about how this would impact trial processes in reality, these issues were ignored. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">Again Parliament, has foisted wholesale changes upon the criminal trial process, with no understanding of how the changes will impact. These changes will see criminal barristers who represent defendants in sexual violences cases doing a whole lot of extra work with practically no increase in fees. While I and other more experienced practitioners told the Select Committee how their proposals would be corrosive to fair trial rights, it was as if MPs conducted open heart surgery on the failing body of justice while </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"> having their their ears blocked and eyes shut as to the reality of how criminal trials would be impacted in the criminal courts. You can’t keep introducing extra processes with extra work for barristers without proper funding.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">Since the loss of depositions, and the log-jam in cases that this change created, delay from arrest, charge and trial has ballooned. Delay has become even worse post-Covid. A person may be charged today and it will be well over a year before their case actually comes to trial.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">In sexual violence cases in order to avoid the stress to 'complainants', which the system now refers to as "victims," despite the presumption of innocence, their evidence must be pre-recorded, often a year in advance, very early in proceedings. While th</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">e case itself might be listed for trial in a year’s time, the barrister will have to prepare the case again when it comes to trial for no extra money, but at the front end of the case, they have to get ready to cross-examine a complainant at the outset.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">Worse, b</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">efore recording the evidence barristers have to attend a “ground rules” hearing and must submit questions for the complainant to be vetted by a Judge in advance. The reality is that at the start of a case all the disclosure is not available. Often the Crown and or Police are providing disclosure - that is the evidence that informs the case, often right up until the night before the trial gets underway. Now not only does the Crown, with its larger resources, such as staff, Police and forensic evidence face off against a defendant and a sole lawyer lawyer, the defence must now flag their defence at the start of the process, giving the Crown with its greater resources and rates of remuneration time to plug the holes, eroding a defendant's right to silence, and the traditional right to keep their defence under wraps until the trial gets underway in front of a jury.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: arial; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">Nobody wants to cause undue stress to complainants in sexual offending cases. But why is it that complainants in these types of cases are effectively regarded as being inherently more truthful than complainants in other cases, such that their evidence must be pre-recorded months or a year in advance?</span></p><p><span style="color: #121212; font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">Juries, will now no longer see a complainant present their evidence in Court, live. Rather they will receive advice about stress etc. But behind all this is the fact that fair trial rights are being poorly served as a political agenda trumps the reality of how Courts actually work. Lawyers are now being expected to have locked in trial strategy for defending a client presumed innocent, before they have all the disclosure and before they have had the opportunity to read and consider all the evidence and only after doing that question the complainant. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I recently was involved in a case of an inmate who had only known a life of extreme violence. When he was a baby feeding at his mother's breast, his father slapped him, out of her arms onto the floor. Growing up as a boy, when he was entitled to feel safe in his family home, he was subjected to what one relative called, "man hidings." Thereafter he was subjected through his developmental years to physical and sexual abuse, which so damaged him, that by the time he was 17 he was in a mainstream adult prison.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">He was facing serious fresh charges He had gone through 3 previous lawyers. the trial date was fast approaching. As I reviewed the evidence, it was clear that there was no defence. Around two weeks before trial I had to tell him the bad news - there was no defence. He didn't take it very well. Somehow, my honesty meant that I was an agent for the Crown - taking the easy way out. I subsequently discovered that a "jail house lawyer" had gotten into his ear and had made him suspicious of everyone. This jail house lawyer had self-represented in his own case, after having been assigned and sacked 21 lawyers. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">Prisons and society are increasingly populated by people who think they know about the law and are more effective that actual lawyers. Often such people believe that law is like some Harry Potter incantation type exercise - you utter some Latin sounding phrases and bars melt, or people will see their point. Anyway, my client asked me to listen to his cell-mate. I then received a 20 minute peroration from someone I didn't know, who had self-represented which such success that he had just himself sentenced to a lengthy term. I was told "you have to be aware of like - "disclosures" and "double jeopardy" etc. He told me he believed my client innocent and that "if he went down for something he didn't do, some powerful men are going to come down and see me ....". This again is another joy that defence counsel endure. Not only are we attacked in the media for our work, we also face threats from friends of and sometimes our own clients.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">Most lawyers have experienced the bbq or social drinks where some slightly pissed boor will come up, having learned you are a lawyer, suddenly wrestling with an issue that has nagged them for years, will be emboldened, with a sense of excitement, as if they had discovered the Philosopher's Stone only to ask: "How can you defend someone you know to be guilty?" In reality such people often do not want an answer, they really want a launching pad for their views about how lawyers are as bad as their clients and how prison is too soft. Other times, you are asked for free advice on issues ranging from the latest high profile murder, to fencing disputes, employment issues and the like. I once was in a supermarket when I was even approached by an old dear who wanted advice about returning an overdue library book!</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">In my time at the bar I have seen colleagues burn through their lives as they tirelessly represent clients. I have had friends suicide, drop dead with heart attacks or have break downs. Our professional organisations talk about, "Practising Well", while the pressures of criminal defence work, in terms of compliance measures, timetabling and process obligations increase almost </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">proportionally to the erosion of fair trial rights.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"></span></p><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">Our criminal defence bar deserves gratitude, not condemnation. The men and women who represent accused people, without regard to economic station or racial, ethnic, or national background, render a vital service to us all. Unfortunately, we often lose sight of the burdens that criminal lawyers have to bear. Without such people we will have a justice system where 'fair trial rights' become increasingly elusive concepts meriting lip service while 'justice' becomes atrophied. It is no wonder that many senior practitioners are voting with their feet already.</span></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #303030;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="dcr-1kas69x" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><br /></p><div><br /></div><p><br /></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-25963293496550476052023-08-11T14:44:00.009-07:002023-08-11T23:05:51.238-07:00AIR NEW ZEALAND AND "COMPUTER SAYS NO"<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Air New Zealand has a unique way of measuring success when it comes to customer service. I recount, for example, my experience from earlier this week.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Arriving at Wellington Aerodrome, having checked-in online I found myself standing in the queue to check my bags in with 10 clear minutes before the time to check your luggage in expired. Unbelievably, the few staff at the booths, all engaged in animated, and it appeared deeply interesting enjoyable conversations with the few customers ahead of me. "Oh, yes, Queenstown is beautiful this time of year……, Yes…… No way…… Brilliant...." and on and on and on. Next door, a couple who had been married, it appears since Seddon became Prime Minister, were in front, talking animatedly with another staff member for around seven minutes while she struggled to locate hearing aid batteries from somewhere within the depths of a shoulder bag, "Oh, they are so small nowadays," she said, while he allowed his dentures to make clacking sounds in his open mouth while he reminisced,"I remember when pennies were made of wood… You could buy a house for a pound back then… clackle, clackle...."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Eventually, I came to the front of the queue, "sorry, you're five minutes late" intoned, the smiling uniform with silken tones. "Yes, but I wouldn't have been, had you not been shooting the breeze with so many people." "Sorry, there's nothing I can do. Tell you what I'll take you over to re-ticketing" she said. I foolishly allowed myself some small glimmer of hope as there was still a good half hour to departure time. She escorted me across the carpet, over to a booth behind which stood a short fat man, his belly straining to be contained behind a richly embroidered koru decorated waistcoat come corset. "Not another queue", I exclaimed as in front of me was a large German woman who had suffered a similar fate to myself. The silver waistcoat or vizier, as I came to call him, calmly explained, with a degree of sadistic pleasure, that he couldn't help her, but suggested, she rebook on another flight on another day. She muttered that she had never experienced this in Hamburg or any of the other international airports she had gone through previously. With what must have been the extent of the vizier's's daily exercise, shrugged his shoulders and walked her over to another counter to purchase a fresh ticket before coming back to me.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">My story is retold by the smiling staffer, who having played her part in what I guess is now a regular farce walked away, smiling inwardly at my fate. "There's nothing I can do, you were late!" the waistcoated vizier intoned. "But I wouldn't have been, if your organisation actually did their job and checked people in, rather than having detailed lengthy conversations with everyone". "I can't help that" he unhelpfully replied. "But I have a flexi-fare, can't you book me on a later flight to Rotorua today?" I said as I flash my ticket. "No, I can book you a flight for tomorrow morning", he replied all the helpfulness, his I don't give a flying shit attitude would allow. He didn't even looking at his computer screen while doing this. Unknown to me, there was in fact, another flight, leaving 40 minutes later, that would have seen me land in Rotorua at around 5 pm via Auckland - there were even spare seats. Yet, he didn't even try ...... "Oh, you are still here, can I help you any more?" "No, you have been completely useless. Air New Zealand could in fact save money by making you redundant and replacing you with a sign that says 'fuck off', it would lead to the same result, but would be nowhere near as annoying." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Upon reflection, this waistcoated spokesman for Air New Zealand was a refined version of Little Britain's Carol Beer. I say 'refined' because 'Carol' would at least make the effort of tapping into a computer before telling you, "Computer says no." Air New Zealand has simply refined the process cutting out the pretence of even looking on a screen, as they focus on communicating a deliberate unhelpfulness and general contempt for the public.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><br /></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-71611363885757503702023-01-15T14:07:00.034-08:002023-01-18T09:53:36.231-08:00Waka Kotahi's Road to Zero Paved With Bullshit<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;">Waka Kotahi are an opaque bureaucracy that use “consultation” in a way that would make George Orwell the writer of 1984, rub his eyes. Their recent “consultation” over speed limits of State Highway 2, brought back memories of an Uber driver I once represented. This driver had made the mistake of buying some pushbikes off Trade Me and Facebook Marketplace, that subsequently turned out to be stolen. He was a hardworking young man, and the sole income provider for his young family (a wife and three young children). He did this through working as a driver and buying bikes and other things cheap, repairing and on selling them. Anyway Police initially charged him with receiving stolen property. Eventually the matter was resolved, and he was not convicted. In the meanwhile Waka Kotahi for reasons they maintained of ‘public safety’ moved to suspend the passenger endorsement on his licence. He could of course, ‘consult’ with them over their decision.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">I wrote to the agency asking how could the purchasing in good faith of bicycles, had anything to do with ‘public safety’, especially when he was not convicted and as it turned out, never would be. In short their concern was a nonsense. Further, the result of a suspension would be economic ruin for this vulnerable family. The response I got back, betrayed the level of discretion and compassion of a Dalek. I was told that the ‘fact’ of being charged was enough, and that met their criteria. Having “consulted” they suspended him. I obtained an injunction and had the suspension quashed. Prior to my proceeding with a review, Waka Kotahi sensing defeat, reversed their ‘final’ decision.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><u></u> </span></p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Waka Kotahi’s bizarre logic can be seen again over their moves to lower the speed limits on State Highway 2 in the Wairarapa. In late July 2021 Waka Kotahi announced a period of ‘public consultation’ over proposed speed restrictions in specified zones on the state highway between Featherston and Masterton. The reason promulgated was that in 9 years there have been 488 crashes in which 4 people had died. No further information was provided. The inference being that crashes are bad and people dying is even worse, so therefore the entire population, will henceforth travel at the rate of motorised snails. We are left in the dark as to rate of accident versus the number of commuter trips. Further we are not told about the particular breakdown of what each of the 488 crashes relates to by type of accident. For example a reversing accident, would have little to do with speed on an open road and would have more to do with visibility and or driver error. Similarly, a driver could suffer a medical event and lose consciousness. Speed limits has little to do with those crashes. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Waka Kotahi has now issued its decision, again devoid of analysis or perspective (DomPost 13/02/23). To understand the causes of accidents in the specified zones between Featherston to Masterton that occurred over the nine year period it is important to consider the following. As it stands over nine years (Jan 2010 - Dec 2019) to have four fatalities out of 488 crashes is a fatality rate of 0.82%. If there is an average of say 6100 trips per day between Featherston and Masterton, over nine years that amounts to 20,038,500 commuter trips. Which means over that nine year timeframe only 0.002% of trips result in crashes. What does Waka Kotahi’s definition of “crashes” capture, and how does the crash rate compare to other highways? <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">Obviously, artificially slowing vehicles means less crashes, but it also means less pressure to spend money improving and repairing roads. Anyone driving between Masterton and Carterton over the past two years would have seen the phalanxes of road cones and signs slowing traffic. Driving conditions might actually be safer if Waka Kotahi were to spend a greater portion of their road cone budget on actual road repairs. Many people believe that they are being forced to travel at ridiculously slow speeds just so bureaucrats can achieve this “Road to Zero” policy goal on the cheap.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt;">No doubt the earnest folk at Waka Kotahi mean well, but In the absence of any serious analysis, will the people comply with the changes, or will frustration, propel, more dangerous, driving, behaviour, and yet more crashes?</span></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-43526590053614869882022-11-03T15:41:00.004-07:002022-12-17T10:09:22.446-08:00Trump and "Shit-Hole Countries"<p>During his presidency Trump referred to certain 3rd world countries as "shit-hole countries." This was ironic. If one looks at these countries, they all have authoritarian leaders, with officials who are appointed based upon their fealty to the leader. These countries have no transparency, crumbling infrastructure, non-existent social welfare and dysfunctional to non-existent health care. They have no genuine open, free and fair elections and lack judicial independence. Science and 'reality' are ignored, with the 'party-line' being preferred. In short the "shit-hole countries" represent the very 'qualities' that Trump sought to impose on America.</p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-30793473232744434832022-10-25T10:30:00.007-07:002022-10-25T15:02:02.430-07:00The Tory Party has Become the Snake that Eats Its Own Tail<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; white-space: pre-wrap;">The idea of leadership as service for the good of the majority and the betterment of society appears lost on the Tory Party. 12 years of Tory misrule has seen the growth of toxic nationalism, fuelled by economic disparities, tax cuts for the wealthy and the cruel freezing or underspending on the UK's poorest. This pain was falsely attributed to EU membership and immigration. This led to Brexit, which was promoted as the cure for Britain's woes. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; white-space: pre-wrap;">In reality Brexit was the gun to the head of the UK, and the Tories in pursuit of power for its own sake pulled the trigger. Brexit is leading to the evisceration of the UK economy as it now lacks the protections and market influence that the EU membership affords its members. Britain also lost its as of right easy access, to its biggest export market - Europe.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><span face="nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ironically Brexit, pitched as a sign of the independence of a dynamic UK is leading to the sundering of the UK as Scotland wishes to assert its independence and rejoin the EU. Meanwhile Northern Ireland, the site of years of bloodshed has seen the seeds of division grow again.</span></span><span style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); color: #0f0f0f; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Protestants remain loyal to the United Kingdom, while many Catholics favour a united Ireland. The sectarian divide is growing, as uncertainty about a hard border with EU member country the Republic of Ireland continues.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="nyt-franklin, helvetica, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #333333; font-family: verdana; white-space: pre-wrap;">Economic deprivation continues to grow, leading to a shrinking of the middle class and driving more anger among those who suffer disproportionally the effects of deprivation. This inequality fuels the growth in extremism, upon which the right appears to feed. Bereft of a long term vision the Tory Party has become the snake that eats its own tail.</span></span></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-1437268341626702202021-11-24T09:08:00.000-08:002021-11-24T09:08:07.300-08:00<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">In a healthy legal system there has to be a popular respect for the rule of law. The population and its political leaders should ideally abide by the decisions that flow from its courts. </span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">One of the hallmarks of totalitarian regimes is that Judges are not independent of political leaders and the decisions they often issue in important cases, don't reflect constitutional norms, but rather the wishes of those who appointed them. In such cultures the wishes or the rights of citizens are either ignored or treated as subservient to the wishes of the leaders. In such cultures the population has little respect for the rule of law and judicial decisions are accepted with with a resigned sigh. Our own Court of Appeal recently commented upon the justice system in China, making the following observations (<i>Kim v Minister of Justice</i> [2019] 3 1 NZLR 173)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">(<i>i) The right to a hearing before an independent panel or public
tribunal: </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Mr Kim has a right to be tried before a tribunal that
decides cases on the evidence before it and free from political
pressure. There was material before the Minister to suggest that
political influence is pervasive in the PRC’s criminal justice
system and this is how the system is designed to work. There was
also material to suggest that the political influence prioritises
social policy objectives over individual procedural protections. </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>(ii) The right to legal representation, including the right to present a
defence, receive legal assistance, adequately prepare a defence
and to examine witnesses: </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>there were a number issues in
connection with this right including the discretionary nature of
disclosure to the defence and the fact that witnesses for the
prosecution rarely give evidence with trial mostly being
conducted on the papers. More troubling is the position of the
defence bar in the PRC. Defence counsel must be able to honestly
and responsibly represent an accused person without fear of
repercussion if the procedural right is to operate in accordance
with its purpose. There was material before the Minister to
suggest that defence counsel operate in an environment in which
they fear persecution for their representation of their client. </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>(iii) The right not to be compelled to testify or confess guilt: </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>there was
material before the Minister to suggest that Mr Kim could be
interrogated for a period of months in the absence of a lawyer.</i></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">A justice system that lacks independence from the political process is corrosive of fair trial rights and the rule of law. Similarly a justice system where the results are an outcome of political patronage is similarly corrosive. For decisions to be respected by the population it is important that people understand why decisions are made and to a degree that outcomes accord with principles that the general population accept. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Part of this also includes the fact that the senior judiciary is to a degree representative of the nation. If judges come to be seen as alien and non-reflective of the values of the nation it </span><span face=""Open Sans", "Century Gothic", "Franklin Gothic", sans-serif">erodes public confidence in the courts. This is a legal, social and constitutional matter. </span></span></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", "Century Gothic", "Franklin Gothic", sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">As a matter of practice, if a potential court user does not have faith in the process, it's reasonable to expect that they will be less likely to bring a claim or come forward as a witness in a case, negatively affecting the administration of justice. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">That a non-representative judiciary is a hallmark of authoritarianism can be seen from our Court of Appeal's observations in <i>Kim</i> (above) </span></p><p><span face=""Open Sans", "Century Gothic", "Franklin Gothic", sans-serif" style="font-family: arial;">The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is rapidly finding itself winding up in this position now. Through political machinations the GOP are in the process of completing a extreme right-wing super majority in the nation's highest court. What is worrying about this, is that the Republican Party has only one the popular vote once out of the last seven presidential elections. SCOTUS is increasingly reflective in its decisions of extreme right wing views of the fringe of legal thinking. </span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">Barring a miracle, the court Trump is fashioning will be viewed for decades with anxiety and derision by the majority in a society that has traditionally looked to it as the ultimate bulwark against government oppression. That would be a shame for the court, but it will be a catastrophe for Americans whose liberties will be on the chopping block</span></p>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-22790567778010375952020-04-21T09:41:00.001-07:002020-04-21T14:18:43.903-07:00Another Police Shooting<div class="" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 6px; text-size-adjust: auto;">
<span class="" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="color: #1d2129;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">I am shocked at the latest reporting about another person shot dead by Police (Stuff 20 April 2020). Hitesh, a Fijian Indian was carrying a machete which he was using to smash </span><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">windows</span><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"> and some power lines. He was deeply upset at the loss of a significant sum in an overseas family dispute and had obviously become emotionally distraught. Police were called and warned him to drop the machete, when he advanced on them he was shot by an officer. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129;"><span class="" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">I am not saying that this was not a tense or fast moving situation, but are there not other courses of action that you can take before killing someone? What about Tasers or firing a net? These are less than lethal options designed to incapacitate without inflicting a mortal injury. I feel uncomfortable with the ease with which we appear to accept that killing a person in a situation like this is automatically justified. Increasing access to firearms by Police will only mean that these sorts of incidents will become more common. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129;"><span class="" style="font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">I have every sympathy for </span></span></span><span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Police. To my mind they are underpaid and resources are stretched. </span><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">However, the killing of an ordinary person, with no previous criminal history, in these circumstances raises significant questions. It is time that all frontline Police are issued with body cameras that record every use of force interaction, situations leading up to an arrest and tragic outcomes like the decision to discharge a firearm. This technology would assist with understanding the reasonableness of use of force decisions and provide a further piece of evidence in assessing whether the decision to shoot someone was justified. </span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">I became convinced of the need for this technology several years ago, when I was cross examining some officers in a High Court trial that followed after a case in which Police shot a man in the Wellington Region. Police raided a house, armed with Tasers and firearms and my client had holed himself up in a bedroom wardrobe. He had a .22 rifle with him, and was hidden behind the wardrobe door. Long-story short, Police forced there way in to the bedroom and an officer became aware of my client with the rifle hiding behind the door. The officer fired through the wardrobe door and my client was shot. Was my client presenting the rifle in a manner which conveyed an imminent risk of harm to the officer, or was he cowering behind the door frightened at the speed with which events unfolded?</span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">The case made it to trial. From the disclosure and from cross-examination during the trial it emerged that the Police officers who attended the scene during the events leading up to the shooting and its aftermath, were advised by a lawyer from the Police Association that because this was a shooting case they were not to make contemporaneous notes recording what they saw. As one officer disclosed in cross-examination: " ....by the time I got to Palmerston North and met up with other Palmerston North staff, because it's a police investigation and I know we're going to be questioned about the shooting, you seek advice and the advice was not to record anything."</span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Also the ESR scientists that were tasked with examining the scene, were instructed to do so, solely from the perspective of the officer who fired the rounds. This meant that no contemporary forensic analysis was undertaken from the position of the person who was shot by the officer. The problem with this is that the Police appeared to direct the gathering of forensic evidence, which would later be used as evidence in a Police prosecution, that was based upon instructions to analyse the evidence solely from the perspective of the officer who fired the rounds. There was no analysis from a neutral examination from the perspectives of both parties involved.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14px;">While the forensic scientists instructed by Police, may be organisationally independent of the Police, the fact is that the bulk of their work comes from the Police, who pay for the scientific services provided by them. This is important because basis principles one might think, in terms of scientific analysis include neutrality and objectivity. A resonating concern with this, in my shooting case is whether Police were being provided with objective and unbiased advice about the crime scene from the scientists; or were they being given opinion based upon instructions given by Police, that fettered the independent forensic analysis of the scene?</span></span><br />
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">Ordinarily, officers will make contemporaneous notes of what they observed. The analysis of these varying perspectives enables a decision maker to gain a fuller understanding of what occurred and it is vital to fair trial rights. While we all like to think Police officers will always be truthful, in my close on two decades of experience at the bar, occasionally the odd officer will lie under oath, or they may unconsciously interpret events in a way the coalesces with their theory of the Police case. </span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="" style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial";"><span class="" style="caret-color: rgb(29, 33, 41); font-size: 14px;">Body cameras would provide a protection against issues of unconscious or actual bias and would provide a neutral record of events in situations such as this and would be one further potentially useful form of evidence. Body cameras are regularly used overseas and it is time they were used here.</span></span></div>
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-47444133737205984252019-03-05T11:12:00.002-08:002019-03-05T11:19:40.841-08:00Capital Gains Tax and Fairness?<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , , ".sfnstext-regular" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Capital Gains Tax proposals are throwing up some oddities. A family home on a section up to 4500 sqm won't be subject to CGT, but the percentage of land over that 4500 sqm will be. Hundreds of sections are on blocks, where a steep unusable section is covered in bush, why should that unusable land be subject to CGT? </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , , ".sfnstext-regular" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Also, what about the thousands of Kiwis who live on uneconomic lifestyle blocks? There is one on the market with a block size of 1.2 ha (12,000 sqm) in Eketahuna at the moment, for $195,000.00. Under the proposed rules 7500 sqm of that block will be subject to CGT, whereas the apartment on Oriental Bay, Wellington, worth $2,500,000.00 will not be. It also gets worse for the family in Eketahuna - they will have to hire an accountant to work out the proportion of land is subject to CGT, whereas on bluechip row Oriental Bay, there is no complex formula or CGT liability due, as the apartment is the family home and the total area is under 250 sqm.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , , ".sfnstext-regular" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">On a more technical note, currently in relation to Kiwisaver, the investments in New Zealand, in shares and the like, will be subject to CGT (at a tax rate of around 28% for people whose income is over $70,000). The regime for shares and dividends from offshore investments is a lot less onerous (i.e considerably a less than 28%). As a matter of commonsense this disparity will potentially lead to an increased flow of investment funds heading offshore.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #1c1e21; font-family: , , , ".sfnstext-regular" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the CGT is about fairness, these issues will need to be addressed. </span>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-82670144787603284962019-02-14T18:17:00.001-08:002019-03-05T10:21:48.870-08:00Don't give a shit? Then give a CadburyAs a child, every Christmas was a time of magic, made more special by my being given a two tray deep box of Cadbury Continental Chocolates. Every year without fail, mum would put a box of these treasures under the tree.<br />
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There was a French cafe scene, complete with Eiffel Tower reproduced on the lid. Peeling back the cellophane unleashed the comforting, yet decadently rich aroma of dark dairy rich chocolates with an array of drool inducing centres. Roses, the slightly down market version also offered the same heady sensations.<br />
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Every pay day with my first job as a shop boy, I would buy - no invest in, a family sized block of Cadbury's Caramello or Dairy Milk, with it's famous, "glass and a half of full cream milk" emblazoned on the wrapper. I would tear the wrapper off and hastily devour the contents on the walk home.<br />
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Leap forward now several decades and Mondelez International an American multinational has bought the Cadbury brand. Gone is the dairy content. The caramel hard centres, Turkish delight and venetian fudge, so loved by generations have been consigned to history, replaced by insipid sickly "chocolates", devoid of taste. This company seems driven in a pursuit to show complete contempt for its market in a race to prove, "if we can't be the best, then hell we'll be the worst."<br />
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In the past, a gift of Cadbury chocolates was a thing to look forward to, now they are something to avoid. If you don't give a toss about someone and just want to go through the motions (incidentally that is what Cadbury chocolates now taste like), then give a nod to your gift buying obligations by giving the object of your contempt this Claytons gift. Now New Zealanders think of Cadbury chocolates, as the "gift you give, when you don't want to give one."<br />
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Perhaps the new phrase to emblazon Cadbury products should be: "<b>Don't give a shit? Then give a Cadbury.</b>"Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-25809703286224888472019-01-19T16:25:00.002-08:002019-02-23T16:16:55.657-08:00Eulogy for John Andrew Tannahill<h1 style="border-bottom: 2px solid; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0088cc; font-family: "Gotham 4r", "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.32px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0.25em 0px 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em;">
John Andrew Tannahill, 1938 - 2018</h1>
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By Michael Bott</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">John Andrew Tannahill</strong></h4>
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To John's beloved family, Vicki his wife and soulmate. Kelly & Rob, Andrew & Heidi, Julie & Peter, Brad & Kate, Paul and Amy & Carl, Jack, Sam, Charlie, Billie, Ella, Sam, Kaitlyn, Freya and Marleah. To John’s colleagues and his friends from all walks of life we come to celebrate an extraordinary man – John Tannahill - a husband, a father, a lawyer and a horse racing nut.</div>
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John was born in Taranaki on 29 August 1938 to John and Lavinia, immigrants from Northern Ireland. John senior was a construction worker, and Lavinia was a stay at home mum. He started his education at Fitzroy Primary School, then going on to New Plymouth Boys’ High.</div>
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The Wellington legal community will long remember John as a colourful larger than life figure, a champion for those who had none, who leaves behind a weighty legacy as an advocate who represented his clients without fear or favour.</div>
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But to those of us who loved him and mourn his passing, we know John, JAT or Tanners by the other titles he held: a good mate, a father, husband, grandfather, Uncle John.</div>
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I, like so many others in the city where he worked for nearly half a century, knew him as a colleague, a mentor, and above all, as a friend.</div>
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In fact, many of John’s friends, even those who stayed with him to the end, first interacted with him when they arrived on his doorstep seeking legal advice.</div>
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Just yesterday I met one of John’s client’s who has been falsely accused again, who has been a mate of John’s for close on 40 years.</div>
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I first met John 30 years ago, when I was working as a housemover and turned up seeking the services of counsel at Deacon and Tannahill, for Paul, the son of the director of the firm I worked for. I met this loud short, man with a walrus moustache wearing a waistcoat. The case involved Paul being charged with failing to give particulars. The offence occurred late at night and Paul was driving a tractor unit towing an entire house on a trailer through Lower Hutt. He was stopped by Police, who demanded to know his occupation? Well it was obvious what his occupation was, but for a bit of humour, Paul told them he was a florist. It turns out the officer didn’t share the same sense of humour.</div>
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John took the case, and it was heard in the Lower Hutt District Court, where it was eventually thrown out.</div>
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Family</h5>
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John met his first wife Janice Murray when she came to him to get a divorce from her then husband. They subsequently married in 1964. They had three children - Kelly, Andrew and Julie. That marriage unfortunately ended in divorce in 1974.</div>
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John then met Ms Vicki White and they eventually married on 30 August 1975 and three more children followed: Brad, Paul and Amy.</div>
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Over the past five or so years John, Bernie Brodie and several others would meet, roughly once a month for a Friday lunch. These would go on from one to, on the odd occasion, a number of hours. Stories would be swapped, stretched and advice dispensed.</div>
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Anyway, it was during these lunches that I met Vicki, John’s wife.</div>
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What struck me was the closeness and friendship that they had. There was no one dominant partner. They were a team. They would spark off each other, baiting each other and teasing. Their love wasn’t fawning, it was real.</div>
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Over the final weeks, when John could no longer attend court and was confined to barracks, I would travel up to Telford Way in Raumati to chew the fat and just spend time with John. Towards the end, John was anxious to get me some paperwork and he was in his electric wheelchair, as he was unable to walk and was extremely debilitated.</div>
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Anyway, he was at his kitchen bench making a show of finding a file. “Vicki, where’s that bloody file? It was here, have you been tidying?” John demanded. Vicki was within earshot and was out in the garden. “I haven’t seen it, it’s where you damn well put it!” she bellowed back.</div>
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John looked at me and even then he had the most wicked devilish glint in his eye and was grinning from ear to ear. He had put out the bait and had gotten the bite he was expecting.</div>
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When Vicki phoned me on Christmas morning to tell me that John had passed one of the things she said, was, “Who am I going to argue with?”</div>
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Vicki, you and John were together for over 40 years and cared for each other very deeply. In the latter years you were there for John as that illness slowly tightened its hold on his body. Even as this occurred that deep love you both had shone through and John’s spirit was undiminished. John’s death is going to leave a big gap. You were great friends and a great team. It was a privilege to be part of it and to witness it, and we are here for you.</div>
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Children</h5>
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“He was the best daddy for me :)”</div>
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Amy told me of the memories she has of being woken early by dad before school, before he headed off to work. It was always a nice wake up and goodbye kiss. He worked a lot (most/every weekend mornings!)</div>
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“But that became partly my fault because he took me to choir on Sundays. I enjoyed those days with him, chats in the car, checking the p.o box, just the two of us ....</div>
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“Although he worked a lot dad was never the absent father. Always home for the family dinner together. We always went on family holidays, every year. Some overseas! We were pretty spoilt kids and never needed anything and always had all we needed. Growing up on a farm and all the fun stuff we got to do made for a pretty awesome childhood.”</div>
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John had a fondness for junk and Vicki was always fearful when they went to the rubbish dump and would almost come back with as much as they took there. Other people's "treasures" you could say. John was ecstatic when the $2 shop opened in New Zealand!</div>
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John always encouraged his children to be cheeky, to approach life with a feisty nature, not to back down!</div>
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Amy tells me that that sometimes got her into trouble at boarding-school but it never stopped her.</div>
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As a father he always enjoyed a good laugh or cheeky comment with his kids.</div>
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Amy can recall being asked questions by her dad, that he always knew the answer to. Like all good lawyers! Apparently at the time it drove her and her friends nuts. </div>
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But it is fair to say that he taught you to question and to be nosey. It is something that seems hard-wired in your Tannahill DNA.</div>
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I have been told by his children that he comes across as a grumpy old bugger. </div>
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Amy tells me that as a girl a lot of her friends were initially scared of him, but soon realised he was all gruff and no harm and actually a lot of good fun. </div>
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It was innate in John to question absurdity, and to challenge rules, when they did not make sense.</div>
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Vicki recounted the story about when the family lived on their farm up on Horokiwi and John became incensed that the local council prohibited the walking of dogs on Petone Beach. John challenged this by going with his daughter and walking Frank their pet goat up and down the beach.</div>
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In the days when I visited John, he told me how he was proud of all his children and how chuffed he was with his grandchildren. </div>
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I know that it pained him, that he would soon not be here to see them grow up, but I know that he lives on in them too. When you see them challenging rules, or being inquisitive and asking a lot of questions, just think the fruit does not fall far from the tree! </div>
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Paul described his dad as a wonderful father and a great lawyer, who helped so many people throughout his life, as a man who was selfless in helping others – the proof of this was the number of people who remained in contact with him after being clients – they remained as friends.</div>
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Someone once said that you learn how to treat others from the example set by your parents. Paul mentioned John and Vicki as having big hearts, and having a home where all were welcome, as having a home where the door was always open. The steaks and barbeques and of course the roasts were legendary and were always accompanied by engaging and lively conversation around the dining table.</div>
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<img alt="Photo of John and Vicky Tannahill" src="http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/image/0003/130278/varieties/width606.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 0.916667em; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /><br />
John and Vicki at the Wellington District Law Society conference, The Chateau, 1988. </div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.32px;">The loss of your father will leave a huge hole in your family but you will have many, many happy and fun memories of your dad/grandfather to cherish. Hold on to them and enjoy life with all it brings with the same vigour that he did.</span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />The law</h5>
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John’s headmaster thought John should go into teaching, and in talking with his mum, they thought that an arts degree might help with getting into teaching.</div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.32px;">So, at 17 John packs his bags and heads off to Victoria University and commences studying for an Arts degree. Bursaries were scarce and so he supported himself through holiday stints at the local freezing works.</span></div>
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"I did Arts the first year, got three - English, French and Geography. Went off to Australia. I applied for a post-primary studentship, I think I was in Darwin when I was told I had it, I said to the man at the time to get stuffed, I'm going to do Law. So I came back and did Law."</div>
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I asked John, where he wished to study law?</div>
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John: Vic of course.</div>
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While at Vic he was very involved in student affairs such as Extravaganza, a previous incarnation of the Law Revue, a show put on by the students, and was a regular in the male ballet.</div>
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While studying he distinguished himself as a scholar, winning the Archibald Francis McCallum Scholarship in Law, a scholarship which is still going. John said, "This came as a surprise to some. One fellow student who is now an academic and a QC was described as being 'very upset' when I got it (<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">big chuckle</em>). He'd say 'How could Tannahill get this?"</div>
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Anyway, John wanted to get down town and into harness.</div>
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First job</h5>
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John’s first job was with a firm called Barnett and Cleary, which is a foundation of a firm called Barnett Corrie Watts and Patterson, which later was taken over by Rudd Watts and Stone. That was his first job. His first case involved an agency matter where he entered a guilty plea for a guy that was charged with some offence of unfairly packing cabbages. Apparently, he used to put the little ones on the bottom, big ones on the top. John recounted what he did for this appearance, “ Pleaded guilty and that was my first court appearance and the press covered most cases in those days so I got a bit of publicity over that.” </div>
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When John was admitted to the Bar, by the Chief Justice, it was Roy Stacey who moved his admission. In a manner typical of the time, it turns out that John was junioring in a case with Roy – 10 o’clock the same day before Judge Hutchinson. It was a case involving a policeman charged with some minor offence.</div>
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Anyway, it was 1 o’clock and Roy Stacey said “Look I’m going to have to go to the Hutt”. He said “I’ll try and be back by 2:30”. He didn’t turn up till 4. So John, his first day admitted, found himself in the deep end, having to fill in time. Roy eventually turned up at around 4 and managed to save the day.</div>
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Within a couple of years of working for others John met Des Deacon and they decided to form a new firm – Deacon and Tannahill. John was around 23 years of age. That firm lasted for close on 35 years. The name was decided by way of a coin toss, which is how Des’s name wound up being first.</div>
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In those days there was no legal aid and the pair built their practice from scratch by going down to the Police Station every morning at 7:30am to see who had been arrested and offering their services to those who had money in their pockets.</div>
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In those days the papers would fill their columns with almost verbatim reports of what occurred in the criminal courts. John’s name would regularly appear on the pages of Wellington’s two dailies. A week of headlines from the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Evening Post</em> will give you the flavour of a typical week of appearances for John in the 60s: "Barman Was Refused Kiss So Struck Girl"; "Month’s Gaol For Stealing Pens"; "Society Parasite Again Gaoled"; "Threw Ashtray When Benefit Refused" and "Tried To Take Van Belonging to Constable". </div>
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John and Des grew their firm and its burgeoning clientele base from scratch.</div>
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Shortly after being in harness and still in his early 20s John undertook his first murder trial with the case of <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">R v Vincent</em>. The crime was alleged to have occurred at sea on a ship called the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">NZ Star</em>, with the body tossed overboard.</div>
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The referral came from another client of John’s who recommended this up and coming young lawyer to Mr Vincent, who was remanded in Mt Crawford. The case had a number of interesting features. The Chief Police Officer hung himself enroute on the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">NZ Star</em> from Napier to Wellington and the trial Judge had doubts, two weeks out from trial, that someone as young as John was up to a murder trial. Undeterred, John hunted around for a leader. In the end Roy Stacey stepped into the breach. The witness list was split down the middle and after a two weeks trial, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty.</div>
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“We had to get this guy new clothes, he had long hair, we gave him a haircut and after the trial finished, he had nowhere to go, he had nobody in New Zealand, so I arranged to have him put up at the Midland. Had a good relationship with the Midland. All of us had access to a room there if I needed it because of after-hours drinking. And so we got him a room and in one of the bars we were sitting at the table and we were having a drink. The press were right on to it and they came to a photograph of Vincent and John having a drink. First, page one of the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Dominion</em> the next day: Tannahill and Vincent.” </div>
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A week later John gets a letter from the President of the Wellington District Law Society, demanding he turn up at this meeting to show cause why he should not be exterminated for allowing the photo to be in the paper. A slap on the wrist eventually followed, but that marked John’s first encounter with the Law Society.</div>
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Over the years</h5>
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Over the years John represented all manner of people. People ranging from Mandy Rice-Davies – a key figure in the Profumo Affair, a scandal that shook Britain in the 60s - to associates of Terry Clarke in the fallout over the Mr Asia drug matters – in both New Zealand and Australia.</div>
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In the 1970s he acted for one half of the Bushwhackers, when he was charged with possession of cannabis. John described the Police as being determined to get this bloke and went through his house with a vacuum cleaner to find the cannabis. This was pre-Bill of Rights. John played a key part in getting him a Residence Visa for the States, where he has been ever since.</div>
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Over the years John represented a number of people involved in New Zealand’s racing industry, including one of whom was one of our premier riders. One jockey was charged on several occasions with drink driving, and later with unlawful interference with another horse during a race. John would often win those cases, or at worst mitigate the damage his clients suffered.</div>
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John’s could succinctly describe his assessment of people. I well remember his description of one client, he was both counsel and a riding agent for: “He rides bloody well. He’s a magnificent jockey but as a person on the ground he’s bloody hopeless.”</div>
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John also represented Mr Watt who was charged with video piracy, one of the first such cases in New Zealand. It was hard fought for a couple of years, going to a second trial and ending up with guilty verdicts on a reduced number of charges before Judge Unwin.</div>
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John also crossed-swords with the Serious Fraud Office. He was counsel in the months-long student loan fraud scam and for a lawyer for a $1.16 million fraud, both prosecuted by the SFO.</div>
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John went on to bedevil the SFO, representing a Wellington lawyer and his father charged with defrauding their clients. Anyway, he eventually stoked the ire and suspicions of the SFO and the SFO executed a search warrant at John’s Wellington offices. John Billington QC tells me that those executing the warrant initially thought that burglars had got there before them, given the chaos which they found when they entered his premises. Ultimately, they located a few book-keeping errors which meant John had to take some time out of his practice for a while.</div>
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In relation to this John went to court for depositions and it was on day one of the Scott Watson trial, and he was snapped by the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Evening Post</em> photographer in a rather unflattering pose as he was getting out of his car. That was on page one the next day.</div>
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<img alt="Photo of John Tannahill.2" src="http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/image/0014/130271/varieties/width303.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 0.916667em; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /></div>
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A day later, John wrote back to the paper, with a photograph that he asked them to print giving a more realistic picture of him!</div>
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It was dutifully published – I think on page 3 – it shows John, in a bush shirt legs apart, and scowling, holding a sub machine gun – ready to take on anyone.</div>
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For completeness it was taken in 1986, when John was visiting his cousin Willie, in Galway in Ireland. No-one quite knows why his cousin possessed the weapon.</div>
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To my mind it captures John perfectly, a fighter, who will stand to the last.</div>
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John eventually was convicted and lost his practising certificate. He was sentenced to 6 months imprisonment with leave to apply for home detention. In those days the sentence could be suspended to allow time for the Parole Board to sit to determine the home detention application.</div>
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Anyway, there was a difficulty getting a Judge to sit, so John was taken out to prison by the Court forensic liaison nurse Anne Begg and spent 54 hours in Rimutaka.</div>
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What amused him, was that as soon as he was there, the next morning there were 17 inmates queuing up to see him. </div>
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In his wilderness years away from the Bar, John kept using his skills in tribunal work and other forms of advocacy.</div>
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Eventually, because of the high regard in which John was held, he returned to practice and carried on representing the less fortunate in our community.</div>
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Many of us would have given up, but John kept going, he never lost that sense of fight, of that joy of living.</div>
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I was struck by this repeatedly as I saw John slowly become imprisoned in a body that would no longer work as it used to. For several years John suffered from Inclusion-body myositis, an inflammatory condition that led to muscle degeneration. Still, John kept fighting.</div>
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Over the past two years on top of that John also fought the cancer that eventually spread to his liver. During that time John fought to the end, last appearing in court in early December.</div>
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My friend, in living your life, you displayed a spirit of resilience and humour and have loved and lived your life until the end.</div>
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John, you had a passionate sense of justice, you had a wonderful sense of humour and you had a boundless enthusiasm for the practice of law. It is a privilege to have known you and to have been able to count you as my friend.</div>
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JOHN ANDREW TANNAHILL may you rest in peace.</div>
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-22796574930415931392018-08-10T09:14:00.000-07:002018-08-10T09:19:34.509-07:00FREE SPEECH AND THE ALT-RIGHT<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
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<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Should
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designed to cast aspersions upon people of other ethnicities, gender preference,
religious or political belief?</span></b><br />
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">During the 2016 US Presidential
Election campaign, Info-Wars host Alex Jones reported that Hillary Clinton was
sexually abusing children in the basement of a Washington DC pizza restaurant.
This concerned Mr Welch, who took it upon himself to rescue these children and
armed with weapons including a semi-automatic rifle, stormed the restaurant and
having shot open a door lock discovered pizza dough, but no children. Further
inspection revealed that the building did not even have a basement. ‘Fake news’
can have frightening consequences. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">New Zealand is not immune from fake news. MP Judith Collins recently
tweeted a news link which falsely claimed that the French Government had voted
against having an age of consent, as part of a global attempt to normalise
paedophilia. Collins went further and challenged the Prime Minister to condemn
this. When it was pointed out to Ms Collins, that the story was fake news, Ms
Collins, dismissively shrugged her shoulders. Whether something is true or not,
was of little moment.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The right to free speech is a
right to think whatever you like and even say what you like, without fear of
government recrimination. While I believe that, I do not believe that that
right includes the guarantee of a platform. There is a risk that falsehoods
promoted on a large scale, gain a credence beyond their tenuous link with
reality by virtue of the megaphone by which they are broadcast.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hannah Arendt in <i>Origins of
Totalitarianism</i> explained the goal of Nazi propaganda. Rather than
promoting refined debate and striving for consensus Nazism strove to present a
completely different reality, based upon ideology rather than fact: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“The assumption of a Jewish world conspiracy was
transformed by totalitarian propaganda from an objective, arguable matter into
the chief element of the Nazi reality; the point was the Nazis acted as
though the world were dominated by Jews and needed a counter conspiracy to
defend itself.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These beliefs were articles of faith
fashioned to serve Nazism’s goals. They needed to be true to justify the race
laws and the concentration camps. These beliefs were not a matter for debate being
objectively proven false many times.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As with all authoritarian regimes, the
right to freedom of expression is advanced as a tool to gain a platform to
broadcast their alternative reality, to gain credence. However, once in power
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</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Once Hitler assumed power, those papers that had reported against him,
were shut down with many reporters shipped off to death camps.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fascism and here I also include
the ‘alt-Right’ use the hallowed rights that are the foundation of democracy,
against it. Thus Hitler, Putin, Erdogan and now Trump et al assert the right of
free speech for themselves as a tool for gaining power and having done so seek
to wrench that right away from everyone else.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: 21.6pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-indent: 21.6pt;">Now Fascism seeks to stand on a
public platform, asserting equality and being but one side of the argument – in
which they argue for race-based theories of intelligence etc. This is not
because they love free speech, but because they wish to eventually do away with
it.</span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-20390913975343045542018-03-27T10:04:00.004-07:002018-03-27T10:04:51.632-07:00SEXUAL ASSAULT AND THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">26 March 2018</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Last year some politicians called for radical reform
of the justice system by ensuring that rape accusers are believed by
police as a starting point of an investigation. Following the recent debate in
the media around the “Me Too” movement, the cry </span><span style="color: #191919;">'believe
the victim' has become further popularized. To presume that all sexual-assault
complainants tell the truth imposes a presumption of guilt on defendants. This
reversal of the presumption would encourage Police to cut corners rather than
dispassionately and thoroughly investigate complaints. Two cases I have been
involved in highlight the risks.</span><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Around two years ago I successfully defended a male
who faced several counts of rape relating to allegations made by his former
partner from when they were in a relationship, six-years previously. The
complaints were made to Lower Hutt Police in 2015 within days of the male
applying in the Family Court for full custody of the children from the
relationship. This scenario is not uncommon.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The complainant made an extensive four-hour evidential
video interview detailing severe sexual and physical violence that even
included her being chased around a property with a samurai sword.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When the case proceeded to trial, it became apparent
that Police had failed to attend the addresses where the alleged offending was
said to have occurred in order to corroborate any aspect of her complaints. For
instance, a Wellington hotel was one place where the woman said she sought
refuge and the male arrived and threatened her - but no attempt was made to
obtain a copy of the hotel register to confirm she was even there.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">During trial the complainant detailed accounts of
sexual violence, which if correct would mean that my client was an absolute
monster. This view, however, was contradicted when her former best friend gave
evidence that the complainant actually introduced the male to her as a ‘great
catch’ mere weeks after the complainant and her then partner had broken up.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
Another example involves a lesbian client who was charged with sexual offending
against the 14-year-old son of her gay partner. During a party, after most of
the guests had gone, my client had fallen asleep mildly intoxicated on one end
of an L-shaped couch in the lounge of the family home. She was woken by the
feeling of the 14-year-old penetrating her. He did not ejaculate inside
her, but at the last pulled out and climaxed on the squabs of the sofa next to
her as she lay paralysed with shock and fear.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">After a week of struggling with what to do, she told
her partner and it was agreed that she should go to the Police and make a
complaint as the boy needed help. My client believed that the police
would treat a sexual assault complaint seriously and with sensitivity. With the
support of her brother who accompanied her she went to the local police
station. She gave an evidential video interview and was examined by
a doctor who completed a “rape kit” form (this is the standard, pre-packaged,
police forensic testing kit for noting bruises and taking DNA swabs).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
During the medical examination she was not asked to remove her clothes and thus
the bruises and hand marks left on her back and thighs from where her jeans and
underwear were pulled off, and from where her legs were forced apart while she
slept, were missed. My client however thought it was important to document the
bruises, so after her interview she went home and with her cell-phone
photographed herself the hand and finger-shaped bruises on her body. She
thought she would give them to Police when they come back to talk with her.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Police interview the boy, his mother, some other
guests and the boy’s friends. The boy agrees that sex occurred but that it was
consensual and that the ‘victim’ was "gagging for it.” He agreed with her
account that no kissing or touching occurred and that she had lain there silent
and motionless. He also said that she plied him with alcohol and was rubbing
against him all night, and that after their encounter he got up intoxicated and
went to his sleep-out and fell straight to sleep.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">My client and the boy in their interviews and drawings
differed about where sex had occurred. She said she was raped at a top end of
the couch. In his police interview the boy however said the encounter took
place at the intersection of the "L" of the couch.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
After several weeks she is asked to come into the Police Station. She meets the
Detective in a small room, who then proceeds to tell her Police don't believe
her and she will be charged with having sex with an under-aged person. Further,
as they do not believe her, this must mean that she told lies to get the
teenager arrested, and therefore she would also be charged with
"conspiring to make a false accusation."<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At trial several things stood out from the
evidence. First, as with the bruising which was not documented, the
Police also failed to undertake a DNA analysis on the areas of the couch
referred to in the two interviews. As well, it turns out that the rape kit was
never sent to the ESR, and that there was no forensic analysis of the couch
where the rape or the "consensual sex devoid of human intimacy"
occurred.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Surely, if Police investigated for DNA from semen it
would show which account was most reliable? I asked the Detective at trial why
Police never bothered to undertake such an analysis of the couch. She answered
with a dismissive shrug saying, "He's 14, he probably masturbates all over
the place."<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
The contradictions between the boy and his friends' accounts were never
investigated. Several inconsistencies (among many) stand out: the boy said that
my client plied him with large amounts of alcohol during the night as she
repeatedly in front of his friends came into his sleep-out to rub her buttocks
against him. Yet, during trial and in their statements, his friends were clear
that she only gave them all one sip from her bottle and that she never rubbed
her body against their friend. Of note, the friends are clear that when the boy
came back to the sleep-out, he did not to go straight to sleep, but stayed up
playing video games with them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I asked my client: "Having gone through this, if
you were ever again the victim of sexual violence, would you go to the
Police?" “Never", she replied.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">"You wonder why 9 out of 10 sexual violence cases
go unreported in New Zealand?</span><a href="x-webdoc://717F82DE-FD2A-4935-8A8C-51FFB1D1288D#_ftn1">[1]</a><span style="color: black;"> I
asked the Jury. “The answer has been sitting in that dock all week.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
The Jury when confronted with all this returned ‘Not Guilty’ verdicts on all
charges.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #191919;">I have great sympathy for people who suffer sexual
abuse, however an automatic ‘believe the victim’ starting point in a
prosecution can and must have no place in criminal trials. </span><span style="color: black;">Calls
to radically change laws in this area protect no one and increase the risk of
people who are innocent being both charged and worse possibly convicted.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
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<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftnref1"><span style="color: #954f72; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #444444; font-size: 12pt;">Mossman,
S.E., Triggs, S., Jordan, J., and Kingi, V. (2009).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://women.govt.nz/documents/responding-sexual-violence-attrition-new-zealand-justice-system-2009"><span style="color: #005ea5; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Responding
to sexual violence: attrition in the New Zealand criminal justice system</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #444444; font-size: 12pt;"> (Wellington,
Ministry of Women's Affairs, September, 2009), 93pp.</span></span><!--EndFragment-->
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-17732424449422414572018-02-28T20:49:00.001-08:002018-03-25T18:31:58.405-07:00Trial by Ordeal - Bex's Story<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">16 March 2018</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">As a
defence lawyer, one is confronted on an almost daily basis with a wide range of
people from a kaleidoscope of situations. In thinking back over one's career,
some cases stand out as particularly memorable. The case I am going to talk
about here is one of those.<br />
<br />
In the winter of 2016, I had a phone call from a local Family Court lawyer,
asking if I would be prepared to act for a young single mother (who here I will
call “Bex”); she had two children aged six and nine, and was facing serious
charges. Yes, I would, I replied and after getting Bex's number, I phoned and
we arranged to meet. Conveniently, Bex lived in Upper Hutt where my chambers
are, and it was there that we sat down and I learnt that she had been charged
with several counts of "sexual conduct with a young person under 16".
(An offence which carries with it a maximum sentence of 10 years in jail.) Now
here is the first thing that stood out about this case: Bex is a lesbian. The
unlawful sexual connection she had been charged with was allegedly with the 14-year-old
son of her lesbian partner.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">First
impressions are always interesting and Bex proved no exception. She was a pale
young woman with short hair, quietly spoken, dressed in loose jeans with a
polar fleece hoody. Presenting deep vulnerability she seemed on the verge of
tears and was clearly shattered. As she spoke I learnt the early background to
her life, which was growing up in a home with parents who couldn't accept that
their daughter was gay – Bex’s dad had passed away when she was just 14. As she
grew into teenage years she found couldn't talk to her mother about her sexual
orientation at all. When she spoke of her feelings towards other girls, she was
told it was “just a phase.” As she grew older, she suppressed her feelings by
dating men, and for some years she thought she was bisexual. It was from these
relationships that she had her two children. Later, in her mid 20’s, she came
out and acknowledged that she was gay. In time she found herself a partner - a
woman a few years older than Bex who had a couple of teenage sons. They moved
in together and the families blended happily and well. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Soon
it was time for Bex's birthday, and taking advantage of the occasion, the
couple decided to hold a party. This happened one weekend and it was a good
night – the children with some of their mates over, Bex and her partner's
friends, music, nice food and a bit of drink. Bex had a few, it was her
birthday after all. After most the adults had left, she went into the kitchen
and ate some cold pasta, before falling into a deep sleep on the L-shaped
couch, in the living room - it was pretty late and she didn't want to disturb
her partner who had gone to bed a bit earlier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Some-time
later, Bex abruptly awoke. (And here I must warn you that what follows is
unavoidably sexually explicit.) Conscious now, Bex was immediately aware that
her jeans had been pulled off and that she was being digitally penetrated, an
assault that rapidly became full vaginal rape – an experience made truly
hideous by the realisation that it was the 14-year-old son of her partner
committing the act. To me in my chambers, Bex recounted the nausea and extreme
discomfort she felt as the boy had rough penetrative sex with her. He did not
ejaculate inside her, but at the last pulled out and climaxed on the squabs of
the sofa next to Bex who, traumatised, was paralysed with shock and fear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Bex,
her eyes now shut, became aware that the boy had got up. She heard the kitchen
door slam and presently, sounds from the sleep-out where his mates were still
playing video games. In a dreadful state, Bex manages to put her jeans back on
and tries to deal with the enormity of what had just happened. What could she
do? The person she naturally would turn to straight away, her partner, was the
mother of the boy who had done this to her. A boy in fact who Bex had started
to think of as her own son. The family she and her partner had made was now
completely destroyed. How could everything not be ruined if Bex were to tell
someone? But how on earth could she keep this to herself? It was a living
nightmare. Overwhelmed and beyond exhausted, Bex could do nothing but climb
into bed alongside the woman she loved and cry herself to sleep, which she did.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">As
the next day dawned, Bex woke to the toxic cocktail of emotions so often
experienced by those who have suffered sexual violation: revulsion, confusion,
anger, and a deep depression – feelings that cannot be hidden for long and her
partner is soon aware that a terrible change has come over Bex who is,
nevertheless, saying nothing. A week of misery goes by, a week made even worse
by the fact that the boy has not finished. He tried repeatedly to get close to Bex,
even climbing into her bed one morning when his mother has got up to go to the
toilet. Fending off these repeated sexual advances, Bex becomes even more
withdrawn until her partner, very worried indeed, confronts her, insisting that
Bex share her feelings and explain what is wrong. Bex after a week, no longer
able to bear it, finally tells her what happened. Hearing the news her partner
is devastated and frightened. The initial shock soon moving to the realisation
that her son badly needs help, and that this was a terrible thing that he had
done. She felt that Bex for all their sakes simply had to go to the police and insisted
that she do so: “My 14-year-old son is a rapist. He needs help.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Bex was
frightened at what to expect, however she believed that the police will treat a
sexual assault complaint seriously and with sensitivity. With the support of
her brother who accompanied her she went to the local police station..<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She gave an evidential video interview as
well as being examined by a doctor, who completed a “rape kit” form (this is
the standard, pre-packaged, police forensic testing kit for noting bruises and
taking DNA swabs). It is filled in by hand, and after first recording on
pre-drawn human figures any physical marks or trauma noted during the physical
examination, it is sealed and sent to the ESR).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><br />
While at the Police Station during the medical examination Bex is not asked to
remove her clothes, and police and the doctor miss the bruises and hand marks
left on her back and thighs from where her jeans and underwear were pulled off
and from where her legs were forced apart while she slept. Bex thinks it is
important to document the bruises, so after her interview, she goes home and
stands in front of a full-length mirror in her knickers and with her cell-phone
photographs the hand and finger shaped bruises on her body. She thinks, when
the Police come back to talk with her, she will give them the photographs then.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Police interview the boy, his mother, some other guests and the boy’s
friends. The boy agrees that sex occurred but that it was consensual and that Bex
was "gagging for it.” He agrees with Bex's account that no kissing, no
touching occurred. She just lay there silent and motionless. He also said that Bex
plied him with alcohol and was rubbing against him all night. And after, their
encounter he got up intoxicated and went to his sleepout, and fell straight to
sleep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">As far as human interaction was involved, mutual intimate affection was
non-existent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bex and the boy in their interviews
and drawings said sex occurred at different areas on the couch. Bex said she
was raped at a top end of the couch. In his police interview the boy said the encounter
was consensual and took place at the intersection of the "L" of the
couch. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><br />
After Bex gave her interview, she hears nothing. Weeks go by, and one-day she
is asked to come into the Police Station. After work she drives down as
arranged. She meets the Detective in a small room. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The detective proceeds to tell her they don't
believe her and she will be charged. Further, as they do not believe her, this
must mean that she told lies to get the teenager charged, so she would also be
charged with "conspiring to make a false accusation." Bex is
completely shocked. Bex went to Police seeking their help. She was a stranger
to the legal system and thought she could trust the Police. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">The case after months went to trial. Several things stood out from the
evidence. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First as with the bruising
which Police failed to document, it transpired that they also failed to
undertake a DNA analysis on the areas of the couch referred to in the two interviews.
It turns out that the rape kit was never sent to the ESR, that there was no
forensic analysis of the couch where the rape or the "consensual sex
devoid of human intimacy" occurred.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Surely, if Police investigated for DNA from semen it would show which
account was most reliable? I asked the Detective at trial why Police never
bothered to undertake any DNA analysis of the couch? She answered with a
dismissive shrug saying, "He's 14, he probably masturbates all over the
place."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">On preparing for this trial I had to apply to make several applications
to get access to the same evidence as held by the Crown. In this case the DVD
of the boy’s interview. Why? Over the years a number of MPs with little
experience of trials, have sought to increase their popularity by being
"tough on crime". People who are charged are more likely to be guilty
they reason, so steps should be put in place to short-circuit the process of
trial. In cases involving sexual crimes previously the defence was given the
same information in disclosure as the Crown. Not so now, Parliament has voted
to block defence lawyers from having access to the Evidential Video Interviews
of complainants. We now have to make, in very limited circumstances, an
application to the Judge to gain what was previously given as a matter of
routine disclosure for a fair trial. This is despite our Bill of Rights Act
1990 guaranteeing the defence equal access to witnesses and evidence as the
Crown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">Eventually following several applications, against the opposition of the
Crown, the Court released the DVD to myself. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bex and I viewed it together for several
hours. What became apparent was that when the boy when was "recounting"
the sexual liaison his answers were short and stilted in their delivery. He
repeatedly asked the interviewer, "why are you asking that?". Whereas
when he was asked about matters unrelated to the complaint his answers were
given in a relaxed and rather garrulous manner. It suddenly hit me, that this
young man appeared when it came to recounting "sex" was not recalling
from memory at all but seemed to be constructing a script in his head.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><br />
It appears the contradictions between the boy and his friends were never investigated.
Several inconsistencies (from many) stand out: the boy said that Bex plied him
with large amounts of alcohol during the night as she repeatedly came into his
sleepout to rub her buttocks against him, in front of his friends. Yet, during
trial and in their statements, his friends were clear that Bex only gave them
all one sip from her bottle and that Bex never rubbed her body against their
friend. Of note, the friends are clear when the boy came back to the sleepout,
he did not to go straight to sleep, but stayed up playing video games with
them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><br />
What struck me, however, was that in preparing for this case, I found the
Police failed a victim, conducted a forensically weak investigation and were
aided in this by a system increasingly geared to making the job of defence
lawyers even harder and by extension increasingly hostile to protections like
the presumption of innocence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">I asked Bex: "Having gone through this, if you were ever again the
victim of sexual violence, would you go to the Police?" “Never", Bex
replied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;">In closing to the Jury I quoted a 2009 study from the Ministry of
Women's Affairs, saying that "an estimated nine in ten sexual offences are
not reported to police." You wonder why 9 out of 10 sexual violence cases
go unreported in New Zealand?<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
“The answer members of the jury, has been sitting in that dock all week.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU;"><br />
The Jury when confronted with all this, returned the only verdicts that were
reasonably available, "Not Guilty" to all charges. While relieved, I
still believe that this case should never have got this far. Bex and her complaint
deserved better than this. Meanwhile there is a now 16-year-old in our midst
who thinks he can get away with what he did.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
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<!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mossman, S.E., Triggs, S., Jordan, J., and Kingi, V. (2009).</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://women.govt.nz/documents/responding-sexual-violence-attrition-new-zealand-justice-system-2009"><span style="color: #005ea5; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Responding
to sexual violence: attrition in the New Zealand criminal justice system</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #444444; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Wellington,
Ministry of Women's Affairs, September, 2009), 93pp.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-80634074315306971302018-01-01T13:43:00.000-08:002018-02-28T20:53:39.776-08:00DO GHOSTS WEAR CLOTHES?<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "SF Optimized", system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.12px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suspending my questions around whether ghosts exist, why do people, when they recall seeing some ethereal spectre floating up the stairs or through walls, assert that the phantasm is often attired in Victorian or Elizabethan garb etc? If a ghost is the soul of some formally living person and they are supposedly floating around amongst the living trapped - then why do so, wearing ghost clothes? Clothes aren’t living - or do clothes have souls?</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "SF Optimized", system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.12px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Also, it<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline;"> is often claimed that the spectre is the soul of some poor creature who met an unjust death, or some similarly dramatic demise - like, for example, the story of Lady Jane Grey, cruelly executed at the direction of Mary Tudor in 1554. Yet, English novelist Evelyn Waugh and singer Elvis Presley both popped their clogs, while doing the business on their respective loos - and we don't hear boo about them haunting anything. Surely we should see a ghostly Elvis shuffling through Graceland with his flares around his ankles? The whole thing just seems improbable.</span></span></div>
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-22525720632395444032017-12-19T10:11:00.001-08:002017-12-19T10:11:19.937-08:00GIVE BLOOD - BE A SECRET SANTA ALL YEAR<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Sunday the
17<sup>th</sup> of December was the day I dusted off the cobwebs, inflated the
tyres and took my pushbike out for a ride in the country. I used to cycle
regularly, but for over 2 years I have not been able to. For several years I
have been taking a drug every two-months to help my body deal with a disease
that I have been living with for some time. The down-side to this drug is that
while it is great at knocking back the main disease, it can, in a small number
of cases, weaken your body’s ability to fight infections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">I was one
of the small cohort of people that this happened to. Slowly I found that I
developed a cough that would not go. Gradually it became worse. I caught a cold
and it developed into pneumonia. Courses of antibiotics were prescribed, with
no or limited effect. There followed several admissions to hospital. My back
and chest ached from the pain of constant coughing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">My life
changed dramatically. I could not go out at night, and had to stay out of
draughts. I became run down and could no longer cycle or walk. Work and even
small amounts of exercise became a struggle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Things
changed when I met my local hospital’s immunology team. I now go in one day a
month to be topped up with blood products. My immune system receives a boost
because of the donated blood of others. I am so grateful to the New Zealand
Blood Service and to those New Zealanders who give up their time and donate their
blood. I only wish that I could do the same. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">This Christmas
be a real Secret Santa, not just for one month, but throughout the year. If you
are healthy, consider donating blood. It makes a real difference to so many
people. Blood donors, who I may never meet, have given me the opportunity to
ride my bike and feel the sun on my back and the wind on my face. Thanks so
much. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">As the NZ
Blood Service site says: “SAVING LIVES, IT’S IN OUR BLOOD”. Make a booking to
donate: 0800 GIVE BLOOD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-45136702523237290192017-10-08T14:26:00.002-07:002018-03-26T11:59:15.597-07:00The Need for a Written Constitution<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Towards the tail-end of our recent campaign for the general election, Government Minister Paula Bennett declared that some people should have less human rights. At around the same time, Prime Minister Bill English picked up on this and said, commented that "it was good that new Zealand lacked a written constitution as it gave governments flexibility."</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">French political philosopher Montesquieu has pointed out that ‘there is no liberty, if the power of
judgment be not separated from the legislative and executive powers’. Alexander Hamilton, following Montesquieu, described an independent Judiciary as
‘the best expedient which can be devised in any government to secure a
steady, upright, and impartial administration of the laws’. </span></span><br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Responsibility for the state of the law and its implementation must
rest with the branches of government that are politically accountable to the
people. The people can bring influence to bear on the legislature and the
executive to procure compliance with the popular will. The problem with New Zealand, is that we lack an entrenched Constitution to "ring fence" people as individuals from the arbitrary exercise of power by the legislature. In other words what the Prime Minister calls, "flexibility", means the untrammelled ability for Parliament to take away the rights of citizens.</span></span><br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This power, if not checked, can lead to the arbitrary use of power, often fuelled by populism. However, with no check, the exercise of the popular will can lead to the arbitrary exercise of power, leading to what one commentator has called, "the Tyranny of the Majority". In New Zealand, where we have no written Constitution, Parliament has an unfettered ability to pass laws, even if they offend against fundamental liberties and human rights.</span></span><br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But a clamour for a
popular decision must fall on deaf judicial ears. The Judiciary are not
politically accountable. The Courts cannot temper the true application of
the law to satisfy popular sentiment.</span></span><br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-size-adjust: auto;">Parliament can pass laws and our Courts enforce them. However, the risk in our system, is that while Courts are bound to a correct
application of the law, whether or not that leads to a popular decision in a
particular case and whether or not the decision accords with executive
policy. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="text-size-adjust: auto;">A written Constitution empowers the judiciary and can operate as a check on the Legislature. In the Australian case of <i>Clunies-Ross v The Commonwealth (</i></span>(1984) 155 CLR 193 at 204.) the High Court said: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>It would be an abdication of the duty of this Court under the
Constitution if we were to determine the important and general
question of law ... according to whether we personally agreed or
disagreed with the political and social objectives which the Minister
sought to achieve. ... As a matter of constitutional duty, that
question must be considered objectively and answered in this Court
as a question of law and not as a matter to be determined by
reference to the political or social merits of the particular case.
The rule of law would be a hollow phrase if the Courts were not
bound to ignore popularity as an influence on a decision</i>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Alexander Hamilton in the <i>Federalist Papers</i> over 200 years ago observed of the US Constitution: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Considerate men of every description ought to prize whatever will
tend to beget or fortify that temper in the courts; as no man can be
sure that he may not be tomorrow the victim of a spirit of injustice,
by which he may be a gainer today. And every man must now feel
that the inevitable tendency of such a spirit is to sap the foundations
of public and private confidence and to introduce in its stead
universal distrust and distress.
Some critics of the Judiciary, and even some Judges, mistake public
popularity for confidence. But if the Courts were to seek popular acclaim,
they could not be faithful to the rule of law. Confidence is based on faithful
adherence to the law by the Courts which are charged with its declaration and application. Our Constitution, rooted in the common law, does not
need to express the proposition that the nation is under the rule of law and
that the Courts are the organ of government responsible ultimately for the
enforcing of the rule of law.</i> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some critics of the Judiciary, and even some Judges, mistake public
popularity for confidence. But if the Courts were to seek popular acclaim,
they could not be faithful to the rule of law. The problem with this from a New Zealand perspective, is that we do not have a written Constitution, thus often where the Courts arrive at a decision that upholds human rights, this may be seen as politically unpopular, and Parliament can therefore by dint of a mere majority appeal to populism and erode the principle that the Court sought to uphold.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sadly, because of this we have seen the right to elect trial by jury, voting rights, the loss of the partial defence of provocation for murder, the equality of arms (in terms of fair trial rights), and a host of other rights eroded by our Legislature in recent years. </span><br />
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While most people have little sympathy for gang-members and might believe, they deserve less human rights protections than others; I have no doubt that that these same people would be aghast if Police used their </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">road side check-point power as a ruse to obtain the details of elderly New Zealanders on their way home at night from attending a pro-euthanasia meeting at their local community hall (this actually happened in Lower Hutt last year). You see, once you say, some people have less rights than others, where does it stop? Who decides?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "times";"></span><span style="font-family: "times";"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So the comments of Ms Bennett and the Prime Minister are equally concerning. Just replace "gang member" with "euthanasia supporter" and you see the risk. Human rights don't attach to people because of their standing in society. They attach because we are human. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The logic behind the Prime Minister's stated delight for "flexibility" is a slippery slope and smacks of populism. That our politicians have sacrificed so easily, fundamental bulwarks against the abuse of state power, speaks not only of their ignorance of Constitutional conventions; but also of the fundamental weakness of a Constitution that is unwritten and relies for its survival upon the quality and character of those who occupy the driver's seat at any given time.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #616161; font-family: "pt serif" , serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: italic;"><b>“The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive and judicia[l] in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self–appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny” (James Madison, Federalist No. 51, 1788).</b></span></span>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-72056628152314758402017-08-03T12:35:00.000-07:002017-08-03T12:35:00.161-07:00MICROCHIPPING PEOPLE SOME ISSUES<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The article “Do I let my boss microchip
me” (Dompost 2 August), told the story of Melissa Timmins an employee of a firm in the States where the employer offered staff the the option of having microchips inserted in their hands, rather than having to carry around swipe cards. Some 50 of the 85 staff were expected to take up the offer. The chips will be inserted at a "chip party" where staff will celebrate with corn chips and salsa.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The story raised some interesting issues about people being implanted with microchips. Certainly, it may seem convenient to carry all
you need in a microchip implanted in the tip of your finger, rather than a
wallet stuffed with credit and loyalty cards, but there are huge risks with
microchipping people. Yes, it will mean n</span><span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%;">o
more getting away with riding the train or bus for free, or driving faster than
permitted, making up an excuse for why we got to work late
as machines monitors where we are and when we arrive. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%;">Rather
than payWave all you need do is flip your finger as you pass by a sensor, and payments
will be automatically deducted from your account. However, with this, service
providers will have more access to more information, which will also severely
limit our freedoms. For instance, will we still be able to choose to pay with
cash or our credit card or will we be forced to pay with chip? The
information on our chips could be corrupted, wiped or copied. Criminals could
use your data, copy it onto another chip or replace it with their own data,
altering your digital identity. It would make it very easy for Big Brother to
continuously track where we are, what we do, how we do it and whom we’re doing
it with. Further, what if a scammer takes your finger, and goes on a spending
spree, you will be stumped?</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%;">Then
there are potential health concerns. One review of academic
literature found an increased risk of cancer in eight of eleven studies
following the microchipping of animals; "In almost all cases,
the malignant tumors, typically sarcomas, arose at the site of the
implants and grew to surround and fully encase the devices. In
several cases the tumors also metastasized or spread to other parts of the
animals. The tumors generally occurred in the second year of the
studies, during middle age or older for the animals.</span><span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%;">” (</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Synopsis of “Microchip Induced Tumors in Laboratory Rodents and Dogs: A Review of the Literature </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1990–2006” Katherine
Albrecht, Ed.D.)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%;">Microchipping
the population raises more problems than it solves, both in terms of health but
also in terms of the erosion of privacy while providing valuable information to
corporations and governments. It seems that as we advance in terms of
technology we simultaneously surrender hard fought for rights and
freedoms. As Joni Mitchell sang, “Don’t it always seem to go, that you don’t
know what you’ve got, till it’s gone”. I hope it is not too late. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-78723604034308042432017-07-22T12:48:00.001-07:002017-07-22T23:23:33.771-07:00What Might A Charge Against Donald J Trump Look Like?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
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<br />
<span style="background: white; color: black;">The
New York Times reports, "</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">President Trump on
Saturday asserted the “complete power to pardon” relatives, aides and possibly
even himself in response to investigations into Russia’s meddling in last
year’s election, as he came to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions
just days after expressing </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/us/politics/trump-interview-sessions-russia.html"><span style="background: white; color: #326891;">regret about appointing him</span></a></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">." </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This is a clear expression of how Mr Trump sees himself within the
Constitution. He is above it and not beholden to it. </span><br />
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Why is this a
concern? Does Mr Trump have absolute power, and is he a source of unchecked
power?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many ways the current
president behaves more like a monarch and </span>not a constitutional one
at that. This probably explains his affinity with tyrants who wield power
unchecked by Law.<br />
<br />
Trump claims his
legitimacy from the Constitution and his winning the Electoral College vote authorised
by it, to be President. However, as the Trump train progressively careens off
the tracks of the Constitution, it departs from it. I believe as he does so, he
loses his claim to any legitimacy.<br />
<br />
In many ways his
actions remind me of King Charles I, who held himself apart from his people and
their Parliament. Perhaps the process adopted to charge Charles I, could be
amended to charge Mr Trump, after all he wishes to assert a form of sovereignty, whereby he is answerable to no one except himself.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I have adapted the
charge against that Monarch to fit </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mr Trump:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white;">
The original text is taken from:<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The Charge against the King.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div cwidth="1185" eza="cwidth:1185px;;cheight:21px;;wcalc_source:child;wcalc:81px;wocalc:81px;hcalc:147px;rend_px_area:24885;" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: white; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; max-width: 640px; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[January 20, 1648/9. Rushworth, vii. 1396. See <i cwidth="0" eza="cwidth:0px;;cheight:0px;;wcalc_source:child;wcalc:39px;wocalc:39px;hcalc:63px;rend_px_area:0;" style="max-width: 640px;">Great Civil War</i>, iv. 299.]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">“That the said Donald J Trump,
being admitted President of the United States of America, and therein trusted
with a limited power to govern by and according to the laws of the land, and
not otherwise; and by his trust, oath, and office, being obliged to use the
power committed to him for the good and benefit of the people, and for the
preservation of their rights and liberties; yet, nevertheless, out of a wicked
design to erect and uphold in himself an unlimited and tyrannical power to rule
according to his will, and to overthrow the rights and liberties of the people,
yea, to take away and make void the foundations thereof, and of all redress and
remedy of misgovernment, which by the fundamental constitutions of this Commonwealth
were reserved on the people's behalf in the right and power of Congress; he,
the said Donald J Trump, for accomplishment of such his designs, and for the
protecting of himself and his adherents in his and their wicked practices, to
the same ends hath traitorously and maliciously levied war against the present
Congress, and the people therein represented ….. , particularly from 21 January
2017. At and after which, at countless other times within the year(s)
aforementioned he, the said Donald J Trump, hath caused by divisions, parties,
and insurrections within this land, by hacking invasions from foreign parts, and
countless lies and misrepresentations endeavoured and procured by him, and by
many other evil ways and means, he, the said Donald J Trump, hath not only
maintained and carried on the said war both by land and sea, during the years
beforementioned, but also hath renewed, or caused to be renewed, the said war
against the Congress. And particularly he, the said Donald J Trump, hath for
that purpose given commissions to his sons Donald Trump Jr and Eric Trump and
others, whereby, besides multitudes of other persons, many such as were by the
Congress entrusted and employed for the safety of the nation (being by him or
his agents corrupted to the betraying of their trust, and revolting from the
Congress), have had entertainment and commission for the continuing and
renewing of war and hostility against the said Congress and people as
aforesaid. By which cruel and unnatural wars, by him, the said Donald J Trump,
levied, continued, and renewed as aforesaid, much innocent blood of the free
people of this nation hath been spilt, many families have been undone, the
public treasure wasted and exhausted, trade obstructed and miserably decayed,
vast expense and damage to the nation incurred, and many parts of this land
spoiled, some of them even to desolation. And for further prosecution of his
said evil designs, he, the said Donald J Trump, doth still continue his
commissions to the said sons, and other rebels and revolters, both American and
foreigners, upon the procurement, and on the behalf of the said Donald J Trump.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">All which wicked designs, wars,
and evil practices of him, the said Donald J Trump, have been, and are carried
on for the advancement and upholding of a personal interest of will, power, and
pretended prerogative to himself and his family, against the public interest,
common right, liberty, justice, and peace of the people of this nation and
Planet, by and from whom he was entrusted as aforesaid.</span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">By all which it appeareth that the
said Donald J Trump hath been, and is the occasioner, author, and continuer of
the said unnatural, cruel and bloody practices; and therein guilty of all the
treasons, murders, rapines, burnings, spoils, desolations, damages and mischiefs
to this nation and the Planet, acted and committed in the said wars, or
occasioned thereby.”</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-35070232237742017902017-03-19T11:47:00.000-07:002017-03-19T11:48:35.508-07:00Private Giving and the Welfare State<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "guardian text egyptian web" , "georgia" , serif;">At a time when the new US misAdministration, is cutting back on national and international welfare we should be thinking about why we have the welfare state. It is true that in times of need private generosity can offer welcome relief. But is is haphazard and often poorly thought out. Surely the point of the welfare state, should be to free the needy from dependence on private generosity? Private generosity often goes on the easy or palatable cases of need: homeless cats, stray dogs, cancer relief etc.. Such an approach will often miss out the less attractive and less obvious. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "guardian text egyptian web" , "georgia" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "guardian text egyptian web" , "georgia" , serif;">Proper and equitable taxation and redistribution by the state gives a a sense of security and dignity that the less fortunate had never previously enjoyed. Massive inequality and a loss of confidence in the integrity of Government can lead to insecurity and in large part bred fascism - the belief that hard times calls for a dynamic and strong leader, who will be hard and deliver justice to all. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "guardian text egyptian web" , "georgia" , serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "guardian text egyptian web" , "georgia" , serif;">People who volunteer at hospitals, the RSPCA or collect for Greenpeace are to be appreciated. But so to are those who pay their taxes without demur. A society where there is a culture of private giving may be admirable, but surely more so is a society where people receive free health care, a good education and where workers receive living wages, pensions and safe working conditions and enjoy reasonable job security; where executives receive reasonable and proportionate salaries as opposed to stratospheric ones.</span>Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-43197658150621852912016-05-05T16:21:00.001-07:002017-07-22T16:32:36.630-07:007 Sharp and the Tyranny of the Majority<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="tmd5" data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #373e4d; line-height: 18px; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Last night (5 May 2016) TV One on its 7 Sharp programme aired the sad story of New Plymouth mayor Andrew Judd. Mr Judd was like a number of politicians and knew nothing about Maori history and how Maori were systemically robbed of their land and effectively became aliens in what was once their own land. Unlike a number of politicians he decided to find things out for himself and he was prepared to admit he was wrong.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">On being elected he was faced with Maori land claim issues and started for the first time in his life to read about Maori history and was shocked at what he read. He now describes himself as "a recovering racist". He knew he had to do what was right, not what the majority wanted. In one small way he wanted to address the low participation of Maori in local government with the by establishing of a Maori Ward, whereby of the 14 seats there would be one for a Maori representative providing a wholly Maori perspective on issues that arise within New Plymouth. Not a big change - just a start. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">New Plymouth Grey Power were up in arms, one councillor resigned in protest. A referendum was held and the citizens, the majority of whom are Pakeha, soundly rejected the idea of Maori having a dedicated voice on council. The argument being, the Maori Ward was favouritism, and an affront to democracy, if Maori want to get a voice, they can put themselves forward like every other candidate. It mattered not that Maori participation in local government is low or that New Plymouth had only one popularly elected Maori councillor on the council. With 83 percent rejecting the idea of a dedicated Maori ward position the electorate showed they had no openness to Maori issues.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">In the meanwhile Mayor Judd became the target of abuse from members of the public. One day while at the supermarket with his children, a woman approached him and spat in his face. He was routinely abused, sworn at. Eventually he stopped going out in public with his family. He kept a notebook in which he recorded every time he was assaulted and or abused. The notebook is full.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">He has now decided that he will not seek reelection. The personal cost being too high. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">The 7 Sharp clip of his story was just over 4 minutes in length. What especially interested me were the comments of show host Mike Hosking immediately after the story. In remarks of less than a minute in length, he effectively dismissed Mr Judd's position and ignored completely the thuggish behaviour he was subjected to. Effectively what Mr Hosking said, was that personally he had no problem with Maori being on council, or even having a Maori Ward, you merely have to put these things before the electorate first. In other words - if the Pakeha majority in the electorate reject the proposition - there's an end of it. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">This amounts to what is popularly known as the mandate theory of legitimacy. What the majority says goes. What they chose is right. Is this correct?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
In the 1930s Hitler went to the German people and the Nazi Party became the largest party in the Reichstag. Eventually, through alliances, he was appointed chancellor. Arguably at the start at least, Hitler had a mandate. He published a manifesto - Mein Kampf, in which his <span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px; white-space: normal;">anti-semitic views, were advanced as being essential to the national reconstruction of Germany. Applying Mr Hosking's reasoning Hitler's election and the policies he implemented, at least at the start, reflected his mandate. Does that therefore make it right? I do not think so. Sometimes the will of the people, can in fact become what has been called, "the Tyranny of the Majority."</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="6lofe-0-0">I first read French political philosopher, Alexis de Tocqueville on the Tyranny of the Majority, from his book Democracy in America: </span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="9jaov-0-0" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>There is no power on earth so worthy of honour in itself or clothed with rights so sacred that I would admit its uncontrolled and all-predominant authority. When I see that the right and the means of absolute command are conferred on any power whatever, be it called a people or a king, an aristocracy or a democracy, a monarchy or a republic, I say there is the germ of tyranny, and I seek to live elsewhere, under other laws.</i></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="9epqp-0-0"><span data-text="true" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>In my opinion, the main evil of the present democratic institutions of the United States does not arise, as is often asserted in Europe, from their weakness, but from their irresistible strength. I am not so much alarmed at the excessive liberty which reigns in that country as at the inadequate securities which one finds there against tyranny. an individual or a party is wronged in the United States, to whom can he apply for redress? If to public opinion, public opinion constitutes the majority; if to the legislature, it represents the majority and implicitly obeys it; if to the executive power, it is appointed by the majority and serves as a passive tool in its hands. The public force consists of the majority under arms; the jury is the majority invested with the right of hearing judicial cases; and in certain states even the judges are elected by the majority. However iniquitous or absurd the measure of which you complain, you must submit to it as well as you can.</i></span></span><br />
<div style="font-style: normal;">
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<div style="font-style: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">But Tocqueville did prescribe some solutions. He hoped that those having read his prescient book would become alive to the defects of modern democracy and show great attention and careful management. Specifically, he hoped, we would strive “to preserve for the individual the little independence, force, and originality” that remains to him.</span><br />
<span style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">In other words, when looking at any given policy, lawmakers might look not at the benefits for their electorate, or vainly calculate poll swings as a result of the latest PR stunt or slogan – but instead look at what any given policy proposal’s long-term effect will be on securing freedom and rights. The goal being to make individuals more independent, stronger, more able to properly resist the tyranny of the majority and the constant encroachments of the administrative state. Over time, he feared, the state would take away citizens’ free will, their capacity to think and act, reducing them to “a herd of timid and industrious animals of </span><span style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">which the government is the shepherd.” </span><br />
<span style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Given the absence of intelligent political analysis, the dumbing down of media comment and the triumph of political spin over reporting, and the apparent acceptance of the comfortable populism of the likes of Mike Hosking in support of this state of affairs; it appears that Tocqueville's cautions are coming home to roost.</span></div>
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-27309382628941677152016-04-13T03:21:00.002-07:002016-04-13T11:54:24.700-07:00<div class="MsoBodyText2">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="layout-grid-mode: line;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Begging and the Right to Freedom of Expression <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;">Currently some right wing candidates in local body elections are advocating the criminalisation of begging. Does this make sense and will it help anything?</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. <span style="layout-grid-mode: line;">Pursuant to
section 14 BORA all persons have the right to freedom of expression, including
the right to seek, receive and impart information through any media, including
orally, in writing or in the form of art.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;">As a first principle I consider that the proscription and criminalisation
of begging constitutes an infraction of the fundamental human right to freedom
of expression.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;">Such restrictions violate the right to freedom of expression in two basic
respects. First, the proscription of begging renders peaceful verbal or written
communication unlawful. Anti-begging provisions apply whether a person adopts
passive begging techniques (such as sitting or standing in one spot with a cup,
a hat or a sign) or more active begging techniques (such as approaching
passers-by and entreating them to donate money). In each case, it is the act of
expressing a need for money, rather than the conduct associated with that
expression, that is the target of anti-begging provisions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;">5. If people begging begin to directly and forcefully approach people and inhibit the movement of citizens as they walk along footpaths with aggressive demands for alms or financial assistance that can be easily controlled via bylaws. However banning the poor from seeking help from others more fortunate is overkill.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">6.</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">An</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%;">ti-begging provisions infringe the right to freedom of
expression in that they proscribe the imparting (and, by extension, the
receiving) of communications regarding the way in which society treats its poor
and disenfranchised. In many cases, begging amounts to an expression of
poverty, alienation, homelessness, dislocation and the effects of inadequate
social security, public housing and public health systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the US, many anti-begging provisions have
been struck down or narrowed on the basis of inconsistency with the First
Amendment right to freedom of expression: see, eg, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Benefit v Cambridge</i>, 424 Mass 918 (1997) per Greaney J:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="layout-grid-mode: line;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We conclude that no compelling State interest has
been demonstrated that would warrant punishing a beggar's peaceful communication
with his or her fellow citizens in a public place. (6) As one writer on the
subject has observed: "At the least, for some panhandlers, begging is a
way to augment their meager sources. For a few, it may be their only source of
income. Panhandling is therefore close to the center of the personal liberty of
some people in contemporary American society." Munzer, Response to
Ellickson on "Chronic Misconduct" in Urban Spaces: Of Panhandlers,
Bench Squatters, and Day Laborers, 32 Harv. C.R.-C.L. L. Rev. 1, 11 (1997). <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The statute intrudes not only on the right
of free communication, but it also implicates and suppresses an even broader
right -- the right to engage fellow human beings with the hope of receiving aid
and compassion.</b> The streets and public areas are quintessential public
forums, not because they are a particularly convenient platform for expression,
but because they are the necessary, essential public spaces that connect our
individual private spaces, from which we legitimately may exclude others and
likewise be excluded, but from which we almost all must inevitably emerge from
time to time. If such a basic transaction as peacefully requesting or giving
casual help to the needy may be forbidden in all such places, then we may
belong to the government that regulates us and not the other way around. (7)
[emphasis added]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The criminalisation of begging
denies to persons who beg a form of expression that may be necessary for
survival. It also denies the truly poor the right to impart, and society the right
to receive, information regarding poverty, inequality, structural inadequacies
and the need for urgent social reform. By silencing people who beg,
anti-begging provisions stifle debate about social policies regarding the poor.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-6807315614152488052015-08-25T15:58:00.000-07:002015-08-25T17:57:02.592-07:00TATTOOS AND PUBS - SOME PRELIMINARY THOUGHTS<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">A Christchurch man was refused
entry to a bar because of his facial tattoos. He was not wearing gang patches,
nor was he intoxicated. Can bars refuse anyone on the basis of tattoos? What
about t</span><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ā moko<b>, </b>the permanent body and
face marking by Māori</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">?<br />
<br />
Technically, the refusal of entry to a bar amount to a revocation of the
implied licence for a member of the public to enter the premise. At that point,
the person refused entry, should they remain, commits a trespass. Pubs and bars
are private businesses and they at first blush appear to have the right to
determine who can enter their premises or not. However, it may not be as simple
as that.<br />
<br />
The sale of alcohol to the public is an activity that is tightly regulated. You
cannot serve alcohol to the public without meeting strict regulatory criteria.
You must be licenced to supply and serve alcohol.<br />
<br />
Arguably the Human Rights Act 1993 applies:<br />
<br />
<span style="background: white;">133 Licences and registration</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">(1) Where any person is licensed or
registered under any enactment to carry on any occupation or activity or where
any premises or vehicle are registered or licensed for any purpose under any
enactment, and where the person or other authority authorised to renew, revoke,
cancel, or review any such licence or registration is satisfied—</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(a)</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> that in
the carrying on of the occupation or activity; or<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(b)</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> that in
the use of the premises or vehicle,—<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">there has been a breach of any of the provisions of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304467"></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304467#DLM304467"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304467;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Part 2</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304467;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304467;"></span>,
the person or authority, in addition to any other powers which that person or
authority has, but subject to subsection (2), may refuse to renew or may revoke
or cancel any such licence or registration, as the case may require, or may
impose any other penalty authorised by the enactment, whether by way of
censure, fine, or otherwise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">(2) Any procedural requirements of the enactment, including any
whereby a complaint is a prerequisite to the exercise by the person or
authority of its powers under the enactment, shall be observed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">(3) In any case in which any of the powers conferred by subsection
(1) are exercised,—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(a)</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> the
person or authority shall in giving its decision state that the decision is
being made pursuant to subsection (1); and<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(b)</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> any
person who would have been entitled to appeal against that decision if it had
been made on other grounds shall be entitled to appeal against the decision
made pursuant to subsection (1).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(4) In
this section the term <b>enactment</b> means any provision of any
Act, regulations, or bylaws.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
<br />
This being so, a bar or pub clearly conduct a business that requires a licence
pursuant to the Sale of Liquor Act 1989. Part 2 of the HRA states:<br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-outline-level: 5; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">21A Application of this Part limited if
section 3 of New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 applies</span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 14.4pt;">(1) The only provisions of this Part that
apply to an act or omission of a person or body described in subsection (2)
are—</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(a)</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304475"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304475#DLM304475"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304475;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">sections 21 to 35</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304475;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304475;"></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> (which
relate to discrimination in employment matters), <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304643"></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304643#DLM304643"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304643;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">61 to 64</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304643;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304643;"></span> (which
relate to racial disharmony, and social and racial harassment) and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304658"></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304658#DLM304658"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304658;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">66</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304658;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304658;"></span> (which
relates to victimisation); and<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(b)</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304657"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304657#DLM304657"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304657;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">sections 65</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304657;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304657;"></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM304660"></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM304660#DLM304660"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304660;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">67 to 74</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304660;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM304660;"></span>,
but only to the extent that those sections relate to conduct that is unlawful
under any of the provisions referred to in paragraph (a).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(2) The persons
and bodies referred to in subsection (1) are the ones referred to in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="DLM224799"></a><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/link.aspx?id=DLM224799#DLM224799"><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM224799;"><span style="color: windowtext;">section 3</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM224799;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: DLM224799;"></span> of
the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, namely— <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">(a) the
legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Government of New Zealand;
and<br />
(b) every person or body in the performance of any public function,
power, or duty conferred or imposed on that person or body by or pursuant to
law.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Pubs and
bars are private businesses but it can be argued they conduct a
public function, and have duties, imposed on them pursuant to law (the sale
and supply of alcohol to the public). This interpretation is consistent with a purposive and rights affirming reading of the Bill of Rights Act, as
expressed in the Acts long title:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">An Act - (a) to affirm, protect, and promote
human rights and fundamental freedoms in New Zealand<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This
being said the bar or pub a person may well fall foul of the HRA and the New
Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 if it can be shown that the decision to bar
them was discriminatory on grounds of sex, race, disability, religion, freedom
of expression or sexual orientation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">So in the case of a Christchurch
man excluded from a bar because of his facial tattoos, it is arguable that the
bar must conduct its business, that is in serving the public alcohol, in a
manner consistent with the Bill of Rights Act 1990.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">It is axiomatic that persons subject to BORA
are bound by the BORA and must exercise their discretionary powers consistently
with the BORA. This is explicitly required by s6 BORA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
Section 5 of the BORA provides that the rights and freedoms contained in the
Act may be subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be
demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.<br />
<br />
In determining whether a limitation on a right is “demonstrably justified”, the
Court of Appeal in its <i>Moonen </i>decision set out its own test to
determine whether or not a limitation is “demonstrably justified” (<i>Moonen v
Film and Literature Board of Review</i> (1999) 5 HRNZ 224, 234 Para [18]):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1) Identify objective which the Legislature was endeavouring to achieve
by the provision in question;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
2) Assess the importance and significance of that objective;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">3) The
way in which the objective is statutorily achieved must be
in reasonable proportion to the importance of the objective;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">4) The means used must also have a rational relationship with the
objective;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
5) In achieving the objective there must be as little interference as possible
with the right or freedom affected;</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
6) The limitation involved must be justifiable in light of the objective.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
In <i>Moonen</i> the Court stated, “where an enactment can be given a
meaning that is consistent with the rights and freedoms contained in the Bill
of Rights, that meaning shall be preferred to any other. Thus if there are
two tenable meanings, the one which is most in harmony with the Bill of Rights
must be adopted<i>” (Moonen v Film and Literature Board of Review</i> (1999)
5 HRNZ 224, 233 Para [16]).</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">When considering the meaning of the words
“promotes or supports” in Section 3 of the Films, Videos, and Publications
Classification Act 1993 the Court emphasised that a Bill of Rights consistent
approach was required and that those words had to be given such available
meaning which impinges as little as possible on freedom of expression. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
The <i>Moonen</i> test underwent a slight refinement in <i>Hansen v
The Queen</i> [2007] NZSC 7; [2007] 3 NZLR 1; (2007). The majority of
the Court approved the methodology of Richardson J in <i>Noort</i>.
McGrath J gave the most thorough outline of the approach to be taken, which was
broadly consistent with that of Blanchard, Tipping and Anderson JJ (at [192]).
The Court recognised that an obvious first step was to ascertain whether there
was a prima facie conflict between an enactment and a Part II right (at [92]).</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">If an
inconsistency does arise, the Court will apply <a href="http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM225501.html"><span style="color: windowtext;">s 5</span></a> to determine whether the
limitation upon the Part II right is demonstrably justified. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Further, where someone is barred
from a pub they may have a legal ground of challenge where the decision to bar
them was discriminatory on grounds of sex, race, disability, religion, freedom
of expression or sexual orientation and therefore would fall foul of laws which
prohibit discrimination on those grounds in the provision of goods and
services.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Obviously there are occasions where these rights can
be limited. But such limitations must be demonstrably justified. So it may not
be clear-cut. Human rights are engaged. Pubs and bars are private businesses
but they have public duties imposed by law. Watch this space</span><!--EndFragment-->
Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-72951626996813649012015-01-23T13:22:00.001-08:002015-01-24T14:57:44.768-08:00OF BALLOONS AND PUBLIC INTEREST<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The New Zealand media, are
publishing with relish (23 January 2015), 4 photographs taken by commercial freelance
photographer Mr. Geoff Walker, of the awful Carterton balloon tragedy from 2012. Mr.
Walker objects to this, but the Courts have said that the photographs were
produced in open court and as the media have opined, “their publication is in
the public interest.” Is it really? What are the issues at play? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Some family members of the
deceased say that it is right that these images are published because it will
highlight to the public, the risks of ballooning. This argument can easily be
dealt with, and will be addressed first. Balloons have been defying gravity for
years. For as long as hot air balloons have gone up, they have also come down,
in controlled and uncontrolled ways. There are numerous pictures of crashing
balloons readily available. Further, the media regularly carry images of
crashed and mangled cars, and most of us still elect to drive. Further, we all
know that from time to time aircraft crash, yet most of us still elect to fly.
There is in short little educative value in the public seeing yet more images
of a burning balloon dropping from the skies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">What has not been discussed in
the media is that Mr. Walker is a professional photographer. He derives his living
by taking photographs, the copies of which he sells. All images he takes are
copyright. Mr. Walker was an associate of Mr. Hopping a hot air balloon
operator. Mr. Walker would frequently attend at the morning balloon rides and
would photograph the people and various stages of the ballon rides. Mr. Walker
would then sell CDs of the balloon flights to passengers for a fee if they so
wanted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">On the morning of the balloon
crash (7 January 2012) Mr. Walker was in attendance and photographed the
inflation, and other aspects of the balloon ride. After watching the balloon
take off from its point of departure, Mr. Walker was travelling to the
projected landing destination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Mr. Walker took photographs of
the crash, the ensuing fire and recorded on film the accident. As the balloon
was descending at a faster rate than normal, Mr. Walker began to take
photographs from the road side where he pulled his car over.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">After Police arrived under the
direction of a detective he took photographs for Police. Apparently Mr. Walker
never asserted any proprietary right in relation to those images. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Out of a spirit of goodwill to
assist Police with their inquiry Mr. Walker provided access to his own images.
At all stages Mr. Walker’s clearly asserted his copyright in terms of every
image he loaned to Police. Police of their own motion, without consulting Mr.
Walker took his images and provided them to the Office of the Coroner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Without consulting Mr. Walker
these photographs became part of the evidence in this inquest. The news media,
in particular TVNZ, a commercial enterprise, that in relation to its own news
services asserts its copyright over its news content<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
applied to the Coroner to use without Mr. Walker’s consent, or payment of any
fee to Mr. Walker, four of the images that Police took without Mr. Walker’s
consent and provided to the Coroner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This case clearly raise profound
public interest arguments. Some will argue that this is a profound tragedy and it is immoral for people to make money out of the misfortune of others. There are
two arguments to this. First, Mr. Walker has never sought to “cash in” on the
photographs. Rather he is merely asserting his intellectual property rights over his images. He
in fact turned down lucrative offers from local and international media for
access to the images in the aftermath of the tragedy. Second, so what? Police,
ambulance officers, undertakers, embalmers, florists and even coroners and some lawyers etc are all paid or
derive income from tragedies. There is no moral difference with a photographer
doing the same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">At issue in this case, amongst
other things,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is that in allowing publication of the images without Mr Walker's consent is to deny Mr. Walker control over his
intellectual property and then sees the handing of a selection of his images to a commercial
media organisation that asserts its own copyright over those images.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">There is also a strong public
interest argument at work. Might it not be that had Mr. Walker known that
Police would use his images in the way that has transpired, that he would not
have been as co-operative in the first instance?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">While it might be argued that Mr. Walker gave
Police access to his intellectual property, he did so under licence. He did not
relinquish ownership in his property when he did that. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the same way as a person might hire a
trailer from a garage, the initial act of taking of the trailer under
conditions is lawful. It becomes an entirely different matter when one
refuses to return the trailer in compliance with the terms of hireage, or uses
the trailer outside the terms initially agreed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">No matter the words used by the Courts,
for a third party to then publish Mr. Walker’s images, without seeking Mr.
Walker’s licence for their use sees him lose control over the use and
distribution of those images. In essence his proprietorial rights of ownership
and control are lost and or ignored, having been supplanted by another party
that asserts its rights over those of Mr. Walker.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A coronial inquiry is an inquisitorial
inquiry. As the Ministry of Justice website says, “</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[t]he
coronial process is fact finding, not fault finding. This means it is not there
to blame or punish anyone, but instead it aims to work with the families of the
person who died to try and answer any questions they might have, and to improve
public safety</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.” </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Ideally
participants </span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">operate
to assist with the public interest goals and ultimately broader social good. In
this context, such public mindedness would be undermined if professionals in
the shoes of Mr. Walker were to lose control over their intellectual property
through assisting Police on a voluntary basis with the investigation of fatal
accidents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">While there is a public interest in having
relevant details reported, there is also a strong public interest in having intellectual property rights protected,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and in having people feeling that they can co-operate in an unfettered
way with volunteering information and assistance to Police in the investigation
of deaths, without their legal interests in their intellectual property being eroded or as in this case lost through the fact of this co-operation. </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">To accept without challenge what has happened to Mr. Walker may likely create a chilling effect for professionals. </span><span style="line-height: 24px;">After all</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"> if they seek to assist Police they could see their legitimate commercial expectations over the control of their work eroded in favour of corporate media interests who use “open justice” as a tool to evade having to seek the permission of and pay the owner of the copyright for the use of that owner’s intellectual property.</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">As a result of what has happened here, a
public spirited professional, a photographer has lost control over his intellectual
property. This must cause others, should they find themselves in a similar situation, to think twice about their willingness to
assist Police. Such a chilling effect is unfortunately a natural outcome as professionals have just seen the erosion of their intellectual property rights in favour of commercial news media. Perhaps such people may not be so public minded in the future. Such an outcome cannot be in the
public interest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2548767561777697337.post-91707860861920351602014-12-02T00:23:00.000-08:002014-12-02T01:47:58.097-08:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SUBMISSIONS OF MICHAEL BOTT ON THE COUNTERING TERRORIST<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">FIGHTERS LEGISLATION BILL <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I write these submissions in my
personal capacity. I wish to appear before the Select Committee to speak to my
submissions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I am deeply concerned at the speed
at which the Government is seeking to pass this legislation in to law. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">This
proposed Bill seeks to grant the SIS power to surveil New Zealanders and people
lawfully in New Zealand for periods of up to 48 hours without a warrant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Additionally
the Bill seeks to grant government the power to unilaterally revoke a person’s
passport and therefore deny them the freedom to travel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It
is lamentable that the advent of such powers and the resulting affect on the
rights and freedoms of New Zealanders is deemed to be of such a low priority
that the public have been given just one day to make submissions on this major
erosion of their civil rights.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I
note that the Attorney General on Morning Report (RNZ) this morning offered the
reassurance that these measures were only “stop gaps” as there will be a full
review of our security laws next year. Despite this it appears that the
measures contained in the Bill will not expire until 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I
also note that when asked on Morning Report, as to why the rush with urgency,
regarding this Bill, the Attorney General stated that the government did not
need “six months of chit chat”. With respect this remark displays a risable
contempt for the democratic process and the public right to be heard before the
Select Committee.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">To
describe the Select Committee process as mere “chit chat” has the hallmarks of
predetermination, and suggests that public consultation is merely “Claytons
consultation.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It
is noted that the Explanatory Note to the Bill observes that New Zealand is at
best a “low risk” to threats from terrorism. Our neighbours across the ditch
and indeed the United Kingdom face considerably higher terrorist risks and have
allowed their citizens weeks and in the case of the UK, some six months to make
submissions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It
is lamentable that New Zealand in response to a UN request to take steps
against foreign fighters should be so quick to stamp upon the very democratic
processes we claim we are trying to defend.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">As
a first position it is noted that one of the chief purposes of the Bill is to
prevent the entry or departure of “foreign terrorist fighters”. But how is an
as yet unmanifested terrorist intent or purpose to be detected at the moment of
border crossing? In more concrete terms: how can it be determined whether a
person is travelling to Egypt (for example) as a tourist or is only using Egypt
as a transit country to join ISIL in Iraq or Syria? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Bill has a worrying silence as to the source and testing of the information
relied upon as the basis for “reasonable grounds to believe” that the person in
question is pursuing a terrorist purpose. This will be developed below. However,
the tighter preventive measures thus called for, particularly in the context of
border controls, may lead to discrimination based on stereotypes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Yet again, we are seeing rushed legislation being
pursued in an attempt to look tough in the face of terrorism, that may create
another recipe for injustice and resentment by closing down the open society we
seek to promote.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
reliability of secret information about individuals can lead to grave
injustices, as the very nature of the information being deemed secret only adds
to its perceived credibility despite the fact that the information may in fact
be inherently unreliable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For
example Ahmed Zaoui a man once dubbed a threat to national security by the
Security Intelligence Service due to a reported association with a suspected
terrorist group, spent two years in custody when in reality he was a
democratically elected Algerian politician who fled Algeria following a
military coup. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Algerian Government convicted Mr. Zaoui in his absence in 2003 of terrorism and
sentenced him to death. This was despite him not being in Algeria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>since 1992.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In
reality Mr. Zaoui was a threat to no one, spent two years in custody because of
secret information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">There
is a real risk that people with innocent motives may be seeking to travel to or
from “countries of concern” who may in fact find that their travel documents
are suspended or revoked on specious grounds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Further
the cross-fertilisation of secret information between national and foreign
security agencies can lead to errors and labelling of people as militants and
threats when in fact that is not the case.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Intelligence
agencies while frequently using conventional language have become renowned for
attaching meanings to those terms that are far from conventional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For
example it was reported this year that the CIA claimed to have killed
“militants’ in a drone strike. While this may be reassuring, it subsequently
transpires that that term actually means, </span><span style="background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">“<b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">all military-age males in a strike zone as combatants.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></b></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">As
international lawyer Glenn Greenwald observed, “</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By “militant,” the Obama administration
literally means nothing more than: <span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">any
military-age male whom we kill, even when we know nothing else about them</span>.
They have no idea whether the person killed is really a militant: if they’re
male and of a certain age they just call them one in order to whitewash their
behavior and propagandize the citizenry (unless conclusive evidence somehow
later emerges proving their innocence).”</span></i><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Thus as in the Zaoui case a
reliance on foreign intelligence fed to politicians by our own agencies can be
inherently unreliable. Language is used which while appealing to ordinary
usage, may in fact contain meanings that are anything but. Further the source
of the information may be knowingly unreliable or deceptive.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The Explanatory Note contains insufficient detail about the reasons that
the current passport regime is inadequate. Why for example is a one-year
cancellation period inadequate? Further why should it be that the Minister can
specify a period of up to three years, rather than reapplying for an additional
twelve month period? This is especially so, when it appears the Minister does not
have to apply to Court to extend a cancellation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I
further oppose the move to allow the SIS to undertake warrantless surveillance
for up to 48 hours. As is repeatedly claimed it is vital for New Zealanders to
have confidence in the integrity and reliability of our law enforcement, and
intelligence agencies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Further it
appears that the person(s) being surveilled without warrant w</span>ill potentially never
know that they have been surveilled, so the reasonableness of the intrusion
into their privacy will never be properly checked.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">27.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Currently no New Zealander
can be spied on by any state agency unless a warrant is approved by an
independent judicial officer be they a judge, JP or the Commissioner of
Security Warrants.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">28.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This is a level of judicial
oversight that provides a level of check and balance against the wishes of the
state.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">29.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Bill purports to see the erosion of this important check and would see the
erosion of this long standing right for New Zealanders to be free from state
surveillance unless authorised by judical approval.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">30.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Further the Bill grants the
Minister the power by fiat to cancel the passports of people overseas. This in
effect renders them stateless and as matter of process means they are in fact
exiled, or subject to imprisonment in a foreign country, with no practical
ability to challenge the decision. </span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">31.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The Bill seeks to grant to
the Minister the ability to suspend a passport for 10 days without evidence. By
definition this is an arbitrary restriction on a person’s freedom of movement.
In essence the rights of every New Zealander to travel beyond our borders may
be subject to the views of the Minister.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">32.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">As noted above the reliance
on secret information, cannot of itself instil confidence by New Zealanders in
the process – one need only look at the case of Ahmed Zaoui.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Further secret evidence is
offensive to open justice, is offensive to access to justice and the fair trial
principle of equality of arms. The ability to use secret evidence in appeals
against these actions violates the </span><span lang="EN-NZ"><a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM225529.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">right to justice</span></span></a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> and undermines
the credibility of the courts.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">34.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In essence given the track record of the SIS
and the inherently unreliable nature of secret information (e.g. Zaoui etc) the
SIS and the Minister should not be trusted with these powers. </span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 25.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">35.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">With respect currently
following the recent Gwyn Report far from entrusting the SIS with greater
discretionary powers to intrude into our rights and freedoms, it appears the
SIS needs greater checks and boundaries around their powers, not less.</span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-NZ"> Glenn Greenwald: http://www.salon.com/2012/05/29/militants_media_propaganda/</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2548767561777697337#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-NZ;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ibid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Michael Botthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17764904443921115731noreply@blogger.com1